과학자의 실험과 과학 수업에서 실험 목적에 대한 초등 3학년생들의 인식 비교
Third Grade Elementary School Students’ Conceptions about the Purpose of Scientist‘s Experiment and School Science Experiment
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 과학 교과를 처음 배우는 초등 3학년 학생들의 과학자의 실험 목적과 과학 수업에서의 실험 목적에 대한 인식을 조사하는 것으로, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다: 첫째, 과학자의 실험 목적의 경우, ‘발명’과 관련된 응답 비율이 가장 높았는데, 이는 많은 학생이 과학자와 발명가를 동일시할 가능성을 시사한다. 많은 학생이 과학 지식의 구성 과정에서 증거의 역할에 대해 알지 못하고, 단순히 실험을 통해 과학 지식이 발견되는 것으로 생각하고 있으며, 과학자의 실험 목적을 개인적인 흥미나 호기심보다는 인간 생활에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 우선으로 생각하고 있음을 보여준다. 둘째, 과학 수업에서의 실험 목적의 경우, 과학자의 실험 목적에서와 다르게, ‘내적 가치 중시’에 대한 응답 비율이 ‘외적 가치 중시’에 대한 응답 비율보다 매우 높았다. 이는 많은 학생들이 과학 수업에서의 실험의 목적을 교과 수업과 연계한 인지적 영역의 성취, 특히 과학 지식의 구성이 아닌 습득과 관련지어 생각하고 있기 때문임을 보여준다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate third grade elementary school students’ conceptions about the purpose of scientists’ experiments and the purpose of the experiments in science classes. Seventy-seven elementary school students (boy: girl=39:38) participated in the study and their views were examined using an open-ended questionnaire. The main results of the study are as follows: First, regarding the purpose of scientists’ experiments, the response rate for "invention" was the highest, which suggests that many students may associate scientists primarily with inventors. Many students did not know the role of evidence in the process of constructing scientific knowledge, simply thought that scientific knowledge is discovered through experiments, and prioritized the positive impact on human life over personal interest or curiosity as the purpose of scientists’ experiments. Second, regarding the purpose of experiments in science classes, unlike the purpose of scientists’ experiments, the response rate for “internal value” was much higher than the response rate for “external value.” This shows that many students think of the purpose of experiments in science classes as being related to the achievement of the acquisition of scientific knowledge and the development of thinking skills.
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