한국 교육사 속에서의 단군민족주의

Abstract

Our national consciousness focussing on Dangun was occurred in the late Goryeo Dynasty because of the invasion of Mongolia and modernized in the late Joseon Dynasty by the realist school. It was connected with the patriotic enlightenment campaign in the period of the Korean Empire, thus it was been indeed revealed ‘Dangun-natioalism’ during the compulsive occupation by Japanese imperialism. In education, the fact that Dangun had opened the nation was treated in “Dongmongsunseup,” one of textbooks of the middle Joseon. And national consciousness has grown for the Korean language and history education taught in the schools by christian missionaries and national pioneers in the period of the Korean Empire. In the period of compulsive occupation by Japanese imperialism, national education has leaded by Korean language and history education in schools, and by serial publication of Old-Joseon and Dangun by the national historians in daily news papers. In the other hand, in religion, after Daejonggyo moved its headquarters to Manchuria, it was started struggles for anti-Japanese, independence, and inspired national consciousness by establishing many schools. And in politics, Shanhai Extraordinary Government was prepared its homeland’s restoration, wished to construct ideal society which economy and education indeed are ruled by Hongikinghan ideology, and through this accomplish self-determination of peoples and the peace of the world. However, our liberation was attained by foreign influences and divided two nations, thus our nation was distorted or changed their thought about Dangun-nationalism. In politics, Dangun-nationalism was unfolded ‘Ilmin- ism’ by the 1st Republic Government and therefore it was revealed with Hongikinghan ideology in the Law of Education, but it was interpreted more related with democracy than with nationalism. Nevertheless it filled school songs, and many national leaders constructed Dankook University and Hongik University. But after the Korean War, South Korean was regarded that ‘anti-communism’ was more precious than nationalism and North Korean was accommodated its society more valuable on ‘thought’ than nation. Thus there is no place of Dangun-nationalism. Thus, I propose to substitute ‘Dangun-nationalism’ for ‘Hongik- democracy,’ because we must accomplish unification, through it, we also must achieve world peace. Therefore, we must take it our educational indicator and positive deal with the change of South Korea’s more multi-cultural society. Therefore, we should make spread education for Hongikinghan in holistic/citizenship/peace education, with that we make Dangun-nationalism more ‘open nationalism’ which is more oriented cosmopolitanism.