夏家店下層文化의 最近 調査成果- 赤峰 二道井子遺蹟을 中心으로 -

Abstract

This study was conducted focusing on current status and characteristics of Erdaojingzirelic site in Chifeng among the recent research findings on the Lower XiajiadianCulture. The relic site is located in the red clay hill of Chifeng. It is on the lower part of the gentle mountain slope. Just at the front of the relic site flows the river, which is a major water source. Such locational environment assumed to have provided very advantageous conditions for life as the people could utilize both water source and forest resources. However, they were vulnerable to invasion and defense from outside due to the location being disclosedtoall directions. In order to overcome such weakpoint, they restricted accessibility by building an earthen fortress wall combined with round ditches. In the relic site, 149 residential units were excavated. Except for two semi-pit type tombs with rectangular plane, most of them were the structureson the ground. As for the plane, a lot of individual residential sites werecircular-type and they had a corridor and a side room outside. The wall of the residence was made of earthen bricks piled up layer by layer and some of them were built by piling up with hardened soils. Inside and outside of the wall were finished with layers of mixed grass and red clay, of which maximum height reached up to about 2.1m. It is notable that fortune-reading animal bones were found in Residence Site #39 and #58. Assuming from thenumber that was given to each residential site, there is high possibility that #58 was located close to # 54, which was located in the center of the village. Therefore, #58 Residential site also was likely to be located in the center of a village and might have similar characteristics to #54 that was used for a common facility. The fortune-readinganimal bones found suggested a lot of significance. In a courtyard, there was a facility consisiting ofa main room, a side room, underground storage pit, and a garden. It was the most unique structure in the relic site. According to our research, it was found that they were not built in the same period of time but amended and rebuilt numerous times. Residential site #54 was a large-sized structure on the ground consisting of a main room, a side room and external wall. The external wall surroundingthe main room and the side room was repaired five times in total. It reinforced the wall of the main room and took the role of a corridor connected to the side room, which was similar to the structure of the facility in the courtyard stated above. Based on the spatiallayout, the size and attached facilities of the structure with unique structure, it was assumed to have been used for public ritual services or special usages. Furthermore, considering their rebuildinghistory of numerous times, it seemed to have been used for relatively long period of time. 268 tombs were found in the southern part of the circular ditch-formvillage. There was a clear boundary between two areas, which was assumed that a tomb area was separated from living zone. Therefore, Erdaojingzirelic site was assumed to be a community village having complex characteristicsprecisely segmented by residential zone and living zone, public ritual service place of the village, and tomb area. In that sense, Erdaojingzirelic site was chronicled to be mid and late stage of Lower Xiajiadian Culture between 18th–15th century B.C. It was a complex community relic site precisely segmented with facilities of various usages. Based on the fact, it was assumed that the exchange or combination of material cultures of two regions had been made in full scale since the mid period of this culture. At the early times of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, Laoha River basin, which had the WesternEurope-typeculturefunctioned as a center of the culture, and its influence gradually expanded to the Eastern Europe. Finally two regions were integrated as one cultural zone. Erdaojingzi relic site is an empirical example of it. It shows representativeform of Eastern European-type village. But in terms of structure, it was similar to a village in a stone-fortress, which was of Western Europe culture-type.