夏代의 안료와 채색문화 -안료의 사용과 채색문화기반의 변화원인을 중심으로-

Abstract

This study has been made focusing on the kinds of the pigment and the usage types, the interests and desire of the coloring, the types and causes of the change of the coloring culture foundation and so on, regarding the coloring culture for 700 to 800 years before and after 2000 B.C. when the bronze wares had just appeared between the Neolithic era and Shang(商) dynasty. With the result of the study, the majority of the pigments used in the latter period is found when the pigments of yellow, blue, green and so on were added to the pigments of black, white, red and so on which had appeared in the Neolithic era. In the case of three colors of black, white and red, it seems that the black pigment of black coal(C, 黑炭), the white pigment of calcite(CaCO3, 方解石) and the red pigment of hematite(Fe2O3, 赤鐵鑛) and cinnabar(HgS, 朱砂) continued to be used from the Neolithic era. And the yellow pigments was made of As2S3(石黃) or Fe2O3･3H2O(土黃) of hematite and the green pigment of malachite(Cu2(OH)2)CO3, 石綠) and the blue pigment of Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2(藍銅鑛)It appears that though the various pigments were made, only the pigments of black, white and red were used actually and the pigments of yellow, green and blue were used only in a small amount. And it could be checked that especially the black pigment and the red pigment were used regardless of the area as the Neolithic era and the red pigment was used relating to the religious ceremony like being painted on the human bones and scattered about the human bones in the grave. As it came to the Xia(夏) dynasty, the red pottery decreased and the gray pottery and the black pottery increased so that it seems that the interest of the coloring decoration decreased but it is found that the weakening of the coloring foundation was affected much more by the demand and supply of the pigment than the weakening of the interest of the coloring decoration. This conclusion could be supported by the fact that when the economic power was weak, the coloring decoration decreased a lot in the process of the weakening of the coloring foundation, the fact that the weaker the economic power was in the same remains of the same period, the more the use of pigment was confined, the fact that the weaker the pigment foundation was, the sharper the decrease of the color pottery was, the fact that the decrease of the coloring appeared in the vast area of Henan(河南), Shanxi(陝西), Gansu(甘肅), Qinghai(靑海), Shandong(山東) etc, and the fact that the coloring size decreased with the reduction of the coloring foundation and the expression way changed from the coloring centered way to the ling drawing centered way. And the fact that the coloring was expanded variously to the pottery, lacquered ware, the colored the inner and outer coffins shows that the interest and desire of the coloring wasn’t decreased.