The Effect of Olfactory Training Using Korean Version Odorants: A Preliminary Study
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Background and Objectives Several studies have reported the benefits of olfactory training(OT) for patients with olfactory dysfunction. However, training odorants should be customizedaccording to the characteristics of individual patients. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effects of OT using odorants familiar to Korean patients with post-upper respiratory infection(URI) olfactory dysfunction. Subjects and Methods We prospectively evaluated patients with post-URI olfactory loss. We carried out OT over a period of 6 months using four odorants: pine, cinnamon, lemon, andpeppermint. Olfaction was tested before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after training initiation usingthe following olfactory tests; Butanol threshold test (BTT), Cross-Cultural Smell IdentificationTest (CCSIT) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation(NOSE) scale, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results Of the 88 patients who initially enrolled, 82 completed the BTT, CCSIT, VAS,NOSE, SNOT-20, and BDI. In total, 10 Korean patients were included in our analysis, nine ofwhom showed an improvement in olfaction after OT. All patients reported changes in olfactionand the perception of smells over the duration of OT. Some patients reported an increased senseof smell after OT, although he could not distinguish different smells. Conclusion OT using odorants specifically selected for Korean patients resulted in improvedolfactory function, as indicated by the BTT and CCSIT scores. The findings of the present studysuggest that customization of odorants to fit the characteristics of patients, including ethnicity,environment, and race, among others, increases the effectiveness of OT.
Abstract
Background and Objectives Several studies have reported the benefits of olfactory training(OT) for patients with olfactory dysfunction. However, training odorants should be customizedaccording to the characteristics of individual patients. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effects of OT using odorants familiar to Korean patients with post-upper respiratory infection(URI) olfactory dysfunction. Subjects and Methods We prospectively evaluated patients with post-URI olfactory loss. We carried out OT over a period of 6 months using four odorants: pine, cinnamon, lemon, andpeppermint. Olfaction was tested before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after training initiation usingthe following olfactory tests; Butanol threshold test (BTT), Cross-Cultural Smell IdentificationTest (CCSIT) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation(NOSE) scale, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results Of the 88 patients who initially enrolled, 82 completed the BTT, CCSIT, VAS,NOSE, SNOT-20, and BDI. In total, 10 Korean patients were included in our analysis, nine ofwhom showed an improvement in olfaction after OT. All patients reported changes in olfactionand the perception of smells over the duration of OT. Some patients reported an increased senseof smell after OT, although he could not distinguish different smells. Conclusion OT using odorants specifically selected for Korean patients resulted in improvedolfactory function, as indicated by the BTT and CCSIT scores. The findings of the present studysuggest that customization of odorants to fit the characteristics of patients, including ethnicity,environment, and race, among others, increases the effectiveness of OT.
참고문헌 (44)
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