Ovarian cysts disappear after 14-day oral regimen of Korean red ginseng extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
ObjectiveHormonal and inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),which is a prevalent metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. We aimed to evaluate the comparativeefficiency of short-term oral administration of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) and the standard treatmenton PCOS by focusing on the histopathological parameters and serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulatinghormone (FSH), testosterone, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). MethodsA PCOS rat model was established by oral gavage of letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. The serum levels of LH, FSH,testosterone, and NF-κB were measured, and the morphological features and differences of the ovaries wereexamined in each group using a light microscope before and after 14 days of treatment with oral regimens—KRGE,oral contraceptives (OCPs), KRGE+OCPs, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). ResultsOCPs alone could not normalize the mean ovarian weights of PCOS rats despite the 14-day oral regimen, but theywere more effective in reducing the number and size of cysts compared to others. KRGE alone and in combinationwith OCPs was effective in normalizing abnormal ovarian weights, decreasing LH serum levels, and dissipating theovarian cysts in PCOS rats. However, when combined with the standard regimen, KRGE showed additional therapeuticeffects by efficiently reducing serum testosterone and NF-κB levels. ConclusionOur necropsy and histopathological evidence suggests the efficacy of KRGE as a novel integrative medicine againstabnormal multiple follicular cysts. However, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects were only seen in animalsthat were administered a combination of KRGE and the standard regimen.
Abstract
ObjectiveHormonal and inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),which is a prevalent metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age. We aimed to evaluate the comparativeefficiency of short-term oral administration of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) and the standard treatmenton PCOS by focusing on the histopathological parameters and serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulatinghormone (FSH), testosterone, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). MethodsA PCOS rat model was established by oral gavage of letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. The serum levels of LH, FSH,testosterone, and NF-κB were measured, and the morphological features and differences of the ovaries wereexamined in each group using a light microscope before and after 14 days of treatment with oral regimens—KRGE,oral contraceptives (OCPs), KRGE+OCPs, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). ResultsOCPs alone could not normalize the mean ovarian weights of PCOS rats despite the 14-day oral regimen, but theywere more effective in reducing the number and size of cysts compared to others. KRGE alone and in combinationwith OCPs was effective in normalizing abnormal ovarian weights, decreasing LH serum levels, and dissipating theovarian cysts in PCOS rats. However, when combined with the standard regimen, KRGE showed additional therapeuticeffects by efficiently reducing serum testosterone and NF-κB levels. ConclusionOur necropsy and histopathological evidence suggests the efficacy of KRGE as a novel integrative medicine againstabnormal multiple follicular cysts. However, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory effects were only seen in animalsthat were administered a combination of KRGE and the standard regimen.
참고문헌 (29)
- Walters KA, "New perspectives on the pathogenesis of PCOS : neuroendocrine origins", Trends Endocrinol Metab, 29, pp.841~852 (2018)
- Yildiz BO, "Oral contraceptives in polycystic ovary syndrome : risk-benefit assessment", Semin Reprod Med, 2, pp.111~120 (2008)
- Victor VM, "Mitochondrial complex I impairment in leukocytes from polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, pp.3505~3512 (2009)
- Teede HJ, "Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: summary of an evidence-based guideline", Med J Aust, 195, pp.S65~S112 (2011)
- Damone AL, "Depression, anxiety and perceived stress in women with and without PCOS: a community-based study", Psychol Med, 49, pp.1510~1520 (2019)
- Behboodi Moghadam Z, "Measures of health-related quality of life in PCOS women : a systematic review", Int J Womens Health, 10, pp.397~408 (2018)
- Palioura E, "Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)and endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)", Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 16, pp.365~371 (2015)
- Zuo T, "Iridoids with genipin stem nucleus inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking the NF-κB pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome", Cell Physiol Biochem, 43, pp.1855~1865 (2017)
- Escobar-Morreale HF, "Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome : a systematic review and metaanalysis", Fertil Steril, 95, pp.1048~1058.e1 (2011)
- Liu M, "Serum levels of TSP-1, NF-κB and TGF-β1 in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients in northern China suggest PCOS is associated with chronic inflammation", Clin Endocrinol(Oxf), 83, pp.913~922 (2015)
- Nehir Aytan A, "Relationship between hyperandrogenism, obesity, inflammation and polycystic ovary syndrome", Gynecol Endocrinol, 32, pp.709~713 (2016)
- Sirmans SM, "Polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic inflammation : pharmacotherapeutic implications", Ann Pharmacother, 46, pp.403~418 (2012)
- Zaafan MA, "The protective effect of Korean red ginseng against rotenone induced Parkinson’s disease in rat model : modulation of nuclear factor-κβ and caspase-3", Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 20, pp.588~594 (2019)
- Kim SJ, "Protective mechanism of Korean red ginseng in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through attenuation of nuclear factor-κB and caspase-1 activation", Mol Med Rep, 12, pp.315~322 (2015)
- Jonghee Choi, "Multitarget effects of Korean Red Ginseng in animal model of Parkinson’s disease: antiapoptosis, antioxidant, antiinflammation, and maintenance of bloodebrain barrier integrity", Journal of Ginseng Research, 42(3), pp.379~388 (2018), 고려인삼학회[DOI]
- Myeong Kuk Shim, "Estrogen Receptor Is Activated by Korean Red Ginseng In Vitro but Not In Vivo", Journal of Ginseng Research, 36(2), pp.169~175 (2012), 고려인삼학회[DOI]
- Najaf Najafi M, "Effect of phytoestrogens on sexual function in menopausal women : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Climacteric, 21, pp.437~445 (2018)
- "Korean red ginseng extract, ginseng root, tea, capsule" (2020)[URL]
- 정지훈, "Therapeutic Effect of Korean Red Ginseng Extract on Infertility Caused by Polycystic Ovaries", Journal of Ginseng Research, 35(2), pp.250~255 (2011), 고려인삼학회
- Kafali H, "Letrozoleinduced polycystic ovaries in the rat : a new model for cystic ovarian disease", Arch Med Res, 35, pp.103~108 (2004)
- Fernández-Martínez E, "Immunomodulatory effects by oral contraceptives in normal and cholestatic female rats : role of cytokines", Int Immunopharmacol, 21, pp.10~19 (2014)
- Mahsa S, "Comparison of ginseng extract and metformin on improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome(POS)", J Entomol Zool Stud, 3, pp.501~505 (2015)
- Baravalle C, "Microscopic characterization of follicular structures in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in the rat", Arch Med Res, 37, pp.830~839 (2006)
- Chung HS, "The effect of Korean red ginseng on sexual function in premenopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial", Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015, pp.913158~ (2015)
- Oh KJ, "Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical study", J Sex Med, 7, pp.1469~1477 (2010)
- Sun YF, "Effect of long-term intake of ginseng extracts on gut microbiota in rats", Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 43, pp.3927~3932 (2018)
- González F, "Increased activation of nuclear factor kappaB triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, pp.1508~1512 (2006)
- Koc O, "Nuclear factor-κB expression in the endometrium of normal and overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome", J Obstet Gynaecol, 37, pp.924~930 (2017)
- Xu Y, "Treatment with Panax ginseng antagonizes the estrogen decline in ovariectomized mice", Int J Mol Sci, 15, pp.7827~7840 (2014)