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Diagnostic Usefulness of the Janus Kinase 2 Mutation in non­BCR/ABL Myeloproliferative Disorders

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Background : We investigated the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation and its diagnostic value in patients suffering with non BCR/ABL myeloproliferative diseases (nMPD) or other reactive conditions. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 83 patients who underwent bone marrow (BM) examinations with suspect of nMPD. The diagnoses of nMPD were made based on the WHO criteria since 2001 and the PVSG criteria before 2001. The JAK2 mutation was examined by PCR in 54 patients whose BM samples were available. Results : The JAK2 mutation was detected in 25 patients (46%); 12 of 26 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 9 of 12 patients with polycyhtemia vera (PV), one of 7 patients with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIM) and one patient with unclassifiable MPD. Additionally, JAK2 mutation was detected in each one patient with secondary polycythemia and reactive thrombocytosis. These two patients and two other patients among the JAK2 mutated ET did not meet the WHO PV criteria due to their initial low hemoglobin levels. These patients had liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism due to Budd-Chiari syndrome (1), gastrointestinal bleeding (1) or the initial hemoglobin level was slightly below the level as provided by the criteria, but the level showed a rising pattern despite cytoreductive therapy (2). With the results of the JAK2 mutation available, 4 patients’ disease could be re-diagnosed as PV. Finally, the positive rate of the JAK2 mutation was 81% in PV, 48% in ET and 14% in CIM. The presence of JAK2 mutation closely correlated with PV (p=0.001), leukocytosis (p=0.001) and an increased cellularity of BM (p=0.024). Conclusions : The JAK2 mutation may help differentiate nMPD from secondary cytosis. Therefore, it should be incorporated into the guidelines for the nMPD work-up for making a more accurate diagnosis and administering proper treatment.

Abstract

Background : We investigated the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation and its diagnostic value in patients suffering with non BCR/ABL myeloproliferative diseases (nMPD) or other reactive conditions. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 83 patients who underwent bone marrow (BM) examinations with suspect of nMPD. The diagnoses of nMPD were made based on the WHO criteria since 2001 and the PVSG criteria before 2001. The JAK2 mutation was examined by PCR in 54 patients whose BM samples were available. Results : The JAK2 mutation was detected in 25 patients (46%); 12 of 26 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 9 of 12 patients with polycyhtemia vera (PV), one of 7 patients with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIM) and one patient with unclassifiable MPD. Additionally, JAK2 mutation was detected in each one patient with secondary polycythemia and reactive thrombocytosis. These two patients and two other patients among the JAK2 mutated ET did not meet the WHO PV criteria due to their initial low hemoglobin levels. These patients had liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism due to Budd-Chiari syndrome (1), gastrointestinal bleeding (1) or the initial hemoglobin level was slightly below the level as provided by the criteria, but the level showed a rising pattern despite cytoreductive therapy (2). With the results of the JAK2 mutation available, 4 patients’ disease could be re-diagnosed as PV. Finally, the positive rate of the JAK2 mutation was 81% in PV, 48% in ET and 14% in CIM. The presence of JAK2 mutation closely correlated with PV (p=0.001), leukocytosis (p=0.001) and an increased cellularity of BM (p=0.024). Conclusions : The JAK2 mutation may help differentiate nMPD from secondary cytosis. Therefore, it should be incorporated into the guidelines for the nMPD work-up for making a more accurate diagnosis and administering proper treatment.

참고문헌 (50)

  1. "Chronic myeloproliferative diseases: introduction", pp.17~19 (2001), IARC Press
  2. "The JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation in myeloproliferative disorders:status report and immediate implications for disease classification and diagnosis", 80, pp.947~958 (2005)
  3. "Translocation of c-ab1 oncogene correlates with the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukaemia", 306, pp.277~280 (1983)
  4. "Polycythemia vera", pp.32~34 (2001), IARC Press
  5. "Flandrin G. Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis", pp.35~38 (2001), IARC Press
  6. "Flandrin G. Essential thrombocythaemia.", pp.39~41 (2001), IARC Press
  7. "Diagnostic criteria and prognosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia", 36, pp.9~13 (1999)
  8. "Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia a comparative study of two classification systems", 82, pp.148~152 (2003)
  9. "Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders", 365, pp.1054~1061 (2005)
  10. "A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera", 434, pp.1144~1148 (2005)
  11. "A gain of function mutation in JAK2 is frequently found in patients with myeloproliferative disorders", 352, pp.1779~1790 (2005)
  12. "Activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis", 7, pp.387~397 (2005)
  13. "JAK2 associates with the erythropoietin receptor and is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following stimulation with erythropoietin", 74, pp.227~236 (1993)
  14. "An amino acid substitution in the Drosophila hopTum-l Jak kinase causes leukemia-like hematopoietic defects", 14, pp.1412~1420 (1995)
  15. "Identification of an acquired JAK2 mutation in polycythemia vera", 280, pp.22788~22792 (2005)
  16. "The JAK2 V617F activating tyrosine kinase mutation is an infrequent event in both", 106, pp.1207~1209 (2005)
  17. Jones AV, "Widespread occurrence of the JAK2 V617F mutation in chronic myeloproliferative disorders", 106, pp.2162~2168 (2005)
  18. "The JAK2 V617F activating mutation occurs in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia but not in acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia", 106, pp.3377~3379 (2005)
  19. "The JAK2 V617F mutation in de novo acute myelogenous leukemias", 25, pp.1434~1436 (2006)
  20. "Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia: a comparative study of two classification systems (PVSG, WHO) on 839 patients.", 82, pp.148~152 (2003)
  21. "Red cell mass and plasma volume measurements in polycythemia:evaluation of performance and practical utility", 104, pp.213~215 (2005)
  22. "Diagnostic value of serum erythropoietin level in patients with absolute erythrocytosis", 89, pp.1194~1198 (2004)
  23. "Budd-Chiari syndrome as the first manifestation of polycythemia vera in young women with inherited thrombophilic state:an aggressive form of myeloproliferative disorder requiring multidisciplinary management", 75, pp.396~400 (2005)
  24. "polycythemia vera with thrombocytosis mimicking essential thrombocythemia", 113, pp.213~219 (2005)
  25. "Polycythemia vera:scientific advances and current practice", 42, pp.206~220 (2005)
  26. "Chronic myeloproliferative diseases: introduction.", pp.17~19 (2001), IARC Press
  27. "The JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation in myeloproliferative disorders:status report and immediate implications for disease classification and diagnosis", 80, pp.947~958 (2005)
  28. "Translocation of c-ab1 oncogene correlates with the presence of a Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukaemia", 306, pp.277~280 (1983)
  29. "Polycythemia vera", pp.32~34 (2001), IARC Press
  30. "Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis.", pp.35~38 (2001), IARC Press
  31. "Essential thrombocythaemia.", pp.39~41 (2001), IARC Press
  32. "Diagnostic criteria and prognosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia", 36, pp.9~13 (1999)
  33. "Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia a comparative study of two classification systems", 82, pp.148~152 (2003)
  34. "Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders", 365, pp.1054~1061 (2005)
  35. "A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera", 434, pp.1144~1148 (2005)
  36. "A gain of function mutation in JAK2 is frequently found in patients with myeloproliferative disorders", 352, pp.1779~1790 (2005)
  37. "Activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in polycythemia vera and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis", 7, pp.387~397 (2005)
  38. "JAK2 associates with the erythropoietin receptor and is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following stimulation with erythropoietin", 74, pp.227~236 (1993)
  39. "An amino acid substitution in the Drosophila hopTum-l Jak kinase causes leukemia-like hematopoietic defects", 14, pp.1412~1420 (1995)
  40. "Identification of an acquired JAK2 mutation in polycythemia vera", 280, pp.22788~22792 (2005)
  41. "The JAK2 V617F activating tyrosine kinase mutation is an infrequent event in both", 106, pp.1207~1209 (2005)
  42. "Widespread occurrence of the JAK2 V617F mutation in chronic myeloproliferative disorders", 106, pp.2162~2168 (2005)
  43. "The JAK2 V617F activating mutation occurs in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia but not in acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia", 106, pp.3377~3379 (2005)
  44. "The JAK2 V617F mutation in de novo acute myelogenous leukemias", 25, pp.1434~1436 (2006)
  45. "Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia a comparative study of two classification systems", 82, pp.148~152 (2003)
  46. "Red cell mass and plasma volume measurements in polycythemia:evaluation of performance and practical utility", 104, pp.213~215 (2005)
  47. "Diagnostic value of serum erythropoietin level in patients with absolute erythrocytosis", 89, pp.1194~1198 (2004)
  48. "Budd-Chiari syndrome as the first manifestation of polycythemia vera in young women with inherited thrombophilic state:an aggressive form of myeloproliferative disorder requiring multidisciplinary management", 75, pp.396~400 (2005)
  49. "polycythemia vera with thrombocytosis mimicking essential thrombocythemia", 113, pp.213~219 (2005)
  50. "Polycythemia vera:scientific advances and current practice", 42, pp.206~220 (2005)

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