대학생의 사회불평등 인식, 스트레스 및 삶의 질의 관계: 심리 네트워크 분석
The relationship between perceived social inequality, stress, and quality of life in university students: A psychological network analysis
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다양한 영역의 사회불평등과 그로 인한 스트레스는 개인의 삶의 질에 부정적 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 횡단 및 종단 네트워크 분석을 이용하여 사회불평등 인식과 스트레스 및 삶의 질의 관계를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 지방 광역시 소재 대학생 365명을 대상으로 2019년 5월부터 2020년 4월까지 온라인 설문조사를 세 차례 실시하였다. 연구 변인은 한국종합사회조사의 사회불평등 인식 문항, 개정판 대학생용 생활 스트레스 척도 및 한국판 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도로 평가하였다. 횡단 심리 네트워크 분석 결과, 취업 기회 불평등 인식이 다른 사회불평등 영역과 가장 강하게 연결된 중심 불평등 영역이었다. 사회불평등 인식과 스트레스 및 삶의 질의 관계 간의 연결 요인을 확인하기 위한 교량 중심성(bridge centrality) 분석 결과, 소득 및 재산의 불평등 인식, 가치관 스트레스 및 심리적 삶의 질이 주요 교량 요인으로 나타났다. 주요 교량 요인 간의 시간적 관계를 검증한 종단 심리 네트워크 분석 결과, 높은 소득 및 재산의 불평등 인식은 후속 시점의 높은 가치관 스트레스와 관계가 있었으며, 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지로 나타나 양방향 관계가 확인되었다. 또한, 높은 소득 및 재산의 불평등 인식은 후속 시점의 낮은 심리적 삶의 질과 관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 사회불평등에 대한 주관적 인식이 대학생의 스트레스 및 삶의 질에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로, 대학생의 스트레스 완화 및 삶의 질 증진을 위한 개입에서 사회불평등 인식, 특히 소득 및 재산 불평등 인식을 고려해야 할 필요성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Perceived social inequality(PSI) and the stress associated with it have a detrimental impact on quality of life(QOL). This study investigated the relationship between PSI, stress and QOL. Cross-sectional and longitudinal psychological network analyses were conducted using data of university students(N=365) who completed an online survey three times over a one-year period. In the cross- sectional network, the PSI of employment was a central node strongly related with other PSI domains. Bridge centrality indices indicated that PSI of income and wealth, stress with values and psychological QOL were as the major bridging nodes connecting PSI, stress and QOL. In the longitudinal network examining temporal relationship between major bridging nodes, a higher level of PSI of income and wealth predicted a greater level of stress with values and vice versa. In addition, a higher level of PSI of income and wealth predicted a lower level of psychological QOL. These results suggest a need to address PSI in the management of stress and QOL of university students.
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