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Immune Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract

강지현|김동재|김철정|이성기
대한면역학회 (The Korean Association of Immunologists)|2015.02|Immune Network|제15권 제1호|pp. 16-26|DOI doi.org/10.4110/in.2015.15.1.16

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키워드

PregnancyLeukocyteEndometriumNatural killer cellsRegulatory T cellsReproductive tract

초록

The female reproductive tract has two main functions: protectionagainst microbial challenge and maintenance of pregnancyto term. The upper reproductive tract comprises thefallopian tubes and the uterus, including the endocervix, andthe lower tract consists of the ectocervix and the vagina. Immune cells residing in the reproductive tract play contradictoryroles: they maintain immunity against vaginal pathogensin the lower tract and establish immune tolerance forsperm and an embryo/fetus in the upper tract. The immunesystem is significantly influenced by sex steroid hormones,although leukocytes in the reproductive tract lack receptorsfor estrogen and progesterone. The leukocytes in the reproductivetract are distributed in either an aggregated or adispersed form in the epithelial layer, lamina propria, andstroma. Even though immune cells are differentially distributedin each organ of the reproductive tract, the predominantimmune cells are T cells, macrophages/dendritic cells,natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. B cellsare rare in the female reproductive tract. NK cells in the endometriumsignificantly expand in the late secretory phaseand further increase their number during early pregnancy. Itis evident that NK cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are extremelyimportant in decidual angiogenesis, trophoblast migration,and immune tolerance during pregnancy. Dysregulationof endometrial/decidual immune cells is strongly relatedto infertility, miscarriage, and other obstetric complications. Understanding the immune system of the female reproductivetract will significantly contribute to women’s health andto success in pregnancy.

Abstract

The female reproductive tract has two main functions: protectionagainst microbial challenge and maintenance of pregnancyto term. The upper reproductive tract comprises thefallopian tubes and the uterus, including the endocervix, andthe lower tract consists of the ectocervix and the vagina. Immune cells residing in the reproductive tract play contradictoryroles: they maintain immunity against vaginal pathogensin the lower tract and establish immune tolerance forsperm and an embryo/fetus in the upper tract. The immunesystem is significantly influenced by sex steroid hormones,although leukocytes in the reproductive tract lack receptorsfor estrogen and progesterone. The leukocytes in the reproductivetract are distributed in either an aggregated or adispersed form in the epithelial layer, lamina propria, andstroma. Even though immune cells are differentially distributedin each organ of the reproductive tract, the predominantimmune cells are T cells, macrophages/dendritic cells,natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. B cellsare rare in the female reproductive tract. NK cells in the endometriumsignificantly expand in the late secretory phaseand further increase their number during early pregnancy. Itis evident that NK cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are extremelyimportant in decidual angiogenesis, trophoblast migration,and immune tolerance during pregnancy. Dysregulationof endometrial/decidual immune cells is strongly relatedto infertility, miscarriage, and other obstetric complications. Understanding the immune system of the female reproductivetract will significantly contribute to women’s health andto success in pregnancy.

참고문헌 (52)

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