Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection
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L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the well-known antiviral agents, especially to influenza virus. Since the in vivo antiviral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin C could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using Gluo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. First, we found that vitamin C-insufficient Gluo (-/-)mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (H3N2/Hongkong). Viral titers in the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gluo (-/-) mice were definitely increased but production of anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-α/β, was decreased. On the contrary, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-α/β, were increased in the lung. Taken together,vitamin C shows in vivo antiviral immune responses at the early time of infection, especially against influenza virus,through increased production of IFN-α/β.
Abstract
L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the well-known antiviral agents, especially to influenza virus. Since the in vivo antiviral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin C could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using Gluo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. First, we found that vitamin C-insufficient Gluo (-/-)mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (H3N2/Hongkong). Viral titers in the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gluo (-/-) mice were definitely increased but production of anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-α/β, was decreased. On the contrary, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-α/β, were increased in the lung. Taken together,vitamin C shows in vivo antiviral immune responses at the early time of infection, especially against influenza virus,through increased production of IFN-α/β.
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