Vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Koreans aged ≥ 50 years: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency altered the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older Koreans. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2008-2009was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of CVD in a representative population-based sample of 5,559 men and women aged ≥ 50 years. CVD was defined as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The prevalence of CVD (7.0%) in the older Korean population was lower than that in the older US population, although average serum 25(OH)D levels were much lower in the Korean population. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between the CVD and non-CVD groups. However, subjects in the lowest category (< 25 nmol/l) of serum 25(OH)D level had the greatest prevalence of CVD, about two-fold higher than subjects in the highest category (> 75 nmol/l), after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education level, residence location, and region. The prevalence of other risk factors for CVD, including higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, was also higher among subjects in the lowest category than among those in the highest category. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D may be an independent risk factor for CVD in older Koreans.
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency altered the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older Koreans. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV 2008-2009was used to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of CVD in a representative population-based sample of 5,559 men and women aged ≥ 50 years. CVD was defined as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The prevalence of CVD (7.0%) in the older Korean population was lower than that in the older US population, although average serum 25(OH)D levels were much lower in the Korean population. Additionally, serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly between the CVD and non-CVD groups. However, subjects in the lowest category (< 25 nmol/l) of serum 25(OH)D level had the greatest prevalence of CVD, about two-fold higher than subjects in the highest category (> 75 nmol/l), after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, education level, residence location, and region. The prevalence of other risk factors for CVD, including higher waist circumference, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, was also higher among subjects in the lowest category than among those in the highest category. In conclusion, low serum 25(OH)D may be an independent risk factor for CVD in older Koreans.
참고문헌 (22)
- Lee JH, "Vitamin D deficiency an important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor?", J Am Coll Cardiol, 52, pp.1949~1956 (2008)
- Abuannadi M, "Vitamin D and cardiovascular health", Prim Care Cardiovasc J, 4, pp.59~62 (2011)
- Holick MF, "Vitamin D deficiency", N Engl J Med, 357, pp.266~281 (2007)
- Kendrick J, "25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", Atherosclerosis, 205, pp.255~260 (2009)
- Saunders E, "Epidemiology of atherothrombotic disease and the effectiveness and risks of antiplatelet therapy: race and ethnicity considerations", Cardiol Rev, 16, pp.82~88 (2008)
- Carson AP, "Ethnic differences in hypertension incidence among middleaged and older adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis", Hypertension, 57, pp.1101~1107 (2011)
- Choi KM, "Factor analysis of the metabolic syndrome among elderly Koreans--the South-west Seoul Study", Diabet Med, 20, pp.99~104 (2003)
- Renzaho AM, "Vitamin D, obesity, and obesity-related chronic disease among ethnic minorities: a systematic review", Nutrition, 27, pp.868~879 (2011)
- Kim MK, "The association of serum vitamin D level with presence of metabolic syndrome and hypertension in middle-aged Korean subjects", CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, 73, pp.330~338 (2010), BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
- "Iron deficiency increases blood manganese level in the Korean general population according to KNHANES 2008", NEUROTOXICOLOGY, 32(2), pp.247~254 (2011), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Lavie CJ, "Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease will it live up to its hype?", J Am Coll Cardiol, 58, pp.1547~1556 (2011)
- Matthews DR, "Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man", Diabetologia, 28, pp.412~419 (1985)
- Bischoff-Ferrari HA, "Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes", Am J Clin Nutr, 84, pp.18~28 (2006)
- The Committee of DRI Revision, "Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010" (2011), Korean Nutrition Society
- Perdigão C, "Prevalence and distribution of the main cardiovascular risk factors in Portugal--the AMALIA study", Rev Port Cardiol, 30, pp.393~432 (2011)
- "chart book on cardiovascular and lung diseases" (2006)[URL]
- 2005 Korean Nutrition Survey Report in Korea, "The Division of National Nutrition Survey", Ministry of Health and Welfare, ~ (2006)
- Clemens TL, "Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3", Lancet, 1, pp.74~76 (1982)
- 허주미, "폐경 여성의 영양소 및 식품 섭취 상태 평가", 대한폐경학회지, 17(1), pp.12~20 (2011), 대한폐경학회[DOI]
- 이민경, "한국 폐경여성에서 혈중 비타민D 영양상태 및 골건강 상태와의 관련성", Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 54(5), pp.241~246 (2011), 대한산부인과학회
- Wang TJ, "Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease", Circulation, 117, pp.503~511 (2008)
- Targher G, "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients", Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 65, pp.593~597 (2006)