Vitamin D status and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults based on a 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic disorders are becoming increasingly more prevalent across multiple populations. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data for Korean adults. We investigated the vitamin D status, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) risk in Korean adults aged 20 years or older. The study subjects (n = 18,305) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2008-2010. Vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) was categorized as < 20, 21-29, and ≥ 30 ng/mL, which are the cut-off points for deficiency, insufficiency and normal limits. A wide variety of cardiometabolic risk factors were compared according to the vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 53.9% of men and 70.5% of women. Mean BMI, systolic BP, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were highest in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders. Further, the MS was most prevalent in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders (12.3%, P = 0.002 in men and 9.2%,P < 0.001 in women). Compared to the vitamin D normal group, the adjusted odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for MS in the vitamin D deficiency group were 1.46 (1.05-2.02) in men and 1.60 (1.21-2.11) in women, after adjusting for confounding variables. In conclusion,Vitamin D deficiency is a very common health problem in Korean adults and is independently associated with the increasing risk of MS.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic disorders are becoming increasingly more prevalent across multiple populations. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data for Korean adults. We investigated the vitamin D status, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) risk in Korean adults aged 20 years or older. The study subjects (n = 18,305) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2008-2010. Vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) was categorized as < 20, 21-29, and ≥ 30 ng/mL, which are the cut-off points for deficiency, insufficiency and normal limits. A wide variety of cardiometabolic risk factors were compared according to the vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 53.9% of men and 70.5% of women. Mean BMI, systolic BP, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were highest in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders. Further, the MS was most prevalent in the vitamin D deficiency group in both genders (12.3%, P = 0.002 in men and 9.2%,P < 0.001 in women). Compared to the vitamin D normal group, the adjusted odds ratio (ORs) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) for MS in the vitamin D deficiency group were 1.46 (1.05-2.02) in men and 1.60 (1.21-2.11) in women, after adjusting for confounding variables. In conclusion,Vitamin D deficiency is a very common health problem in Korean adults and is independently associated with the increasing risk of MS.
참고문헌 (28)
- Després JP, "From individual risk factors and the metabolic syndrome to global cardiometabolic risk", Eur Heart J Suppl, 10, pp.B24~B33 (2008)
- Grundy SM, "A changing paradigm for prevention of cardiovascular disease: emergence of the metabolic syndrome as a multiplex risk factor", Eur Heart J Suppl, 10, pp.B16~B23 (2008)
- Fisher M, "Cardiometabolic disease: the new challenge", Pract Diabetes Int, 23, pp.95~97 (2006)
- Lee JH, "Vitamin D deficiency: an important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor", J Am Coll Cardiol, 52, pp.1949~1956 (2008)
- Abuannadi M, "Give me sunshine: vitamin D and cardiovascular health", Prim Care Cardiovasc J, 4, pp.59~62 (2011)
- Lips P, "The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis: an international epidemiological investigation", J Intern Med, 260, pp.245~254 (2006)
- McCullough ML, "Vitamin D gene pathway polymorphisms and risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer", Annu Rev Nutr, 29, pp.111~132 (2009)
- Cantorna MT, "Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system", Am J Clin Nutr, 80, pp.1717S~1720S (2004)
- Tangpricha V, "25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and malignant colon tissue", Lancet, 357, pp.1673~1674 (2001)
- Lu L, "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals", Diabetes Care, 32, pp.1278~1283 (2009)
- Friedewald WT, "Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge", Clin Chem, 18, pp.499~502 (1972)
- Matthews DR, "Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man", Diabetologia, 28, pp.412~419 (1985)
- Holick MF, "Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences", Am J Clin Nutr, 87, pp.1080S~1086S (2008)
- Lee SY, "Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults", Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 75, pp.72~80 (2007)
- Forman JP, "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of incident hypertension", Hypertension, 49, pp.1063~1069 (2007)
- Knekt P, "Serum vitamin D and subsequent occurrence of type 2 diabetes", Epidemiology, 19, pp.666~671 (2008)
- Reis JP, "Relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels with metabolic syndrome among US adults", Eur J Endocrinol, 159, pp.41~48 (2008)
- 2005 Korean Nutrition Survey Report in Korea, "Division of National Nutrition Survey", Ministry of Health and Welfare, ~ (2006)
- Pfeifer M, "Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp.1633~1637 (2001)
- Li YC, "1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system", J Clin Invest, 110, pp.229~238 (2002)
- Xiang W, "Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice: role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems", Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 288, pp.E125~E132 (2005)
- Somjen D, "25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is upregulated by parathyroid hormone and estrogenic compounds", Circulation, 111, pp.1666~1671 (2005)
- Pittas AG, "The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp.2017~2029 (2007)
- Eckel RH, "The metabolic syndrome", Lancet, 365, pp.1415~1428 (2005)
- Ross R, "Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease", N Engl J Med, 340, pp.115~126 (1999)
- Kang HT, "Serum ferritin level is associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", Clin Chim Acta, 413, pp.636~641 (2012)
- Lee YJ, "Metabolic syndrome and its association with white blood cell count in children and adolescents in Korea: the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 20, pp.165~172 (2010)
- Giovannucci E, "25-Hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study", Arch Intern Med, 168, pp.1174~1180 (2008)