Dietary factors associated with high serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women with the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010-2012
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Serum ferritin levels are significantly increased after menopause and greatly affect women’s health. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary and non-dietary factors associated with high ferritin levels in postmenopausalwomen. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Among adult women in 2010-2012, qualified postmenopausal women (n = 3880) were separated into quartilesof serum ferritin. The variable differences among the quartiles of ferritin were determined using either procsurvey chi-squaretest (χ2-test) among categorical variables, or GLM (Generalized Linear Model) among continuous variables. The odds ratiofor high ferritin in relation to dietary factors was also determined using procsurvery logistic analysis. RESULTS: Age, obesity, drinking habit, and blood glucose levels were found to be significant indicators of high serum ferritinlevel after adjusting for all confounding factors. Among the food groups, grain, milk, vegetable, and seaweed intakes weresignificantly associated with high ferritin levels, but after adjusting for all confounding factors, only grains and vegetablesremained significant factors. Among the nutrient groups, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intake were significant factors,but after adjustment, none of the nutrient groups analyzed were associated with a high risk of ferritin. CONCLUSION: Age, obesity, drinking habit, and glucose levels, as well as inadequate intakes of grains and vegetables, werefound to be significantly associated with high serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal Korean women.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Serum ferritin levels are significantly increased after menopause and greatly affect women’s health. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary and non-dietary factors associated with high ferritin levels in postmenopausalwomen. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Among adult women in 2010-2012, qualified postmenopausal women (n = 3880) were separated into quartilesof serum ferritin. The variable differences among the quartiles of ferritin were determined using either procsurvey chi-squaretest (χ2-test) among categorical variables, or GLM (Generalized Linear Model) among continuous variables. The odds ratiofor high ferritin in relation to dietary factors was also determined using procsurvery logistic analysis. RESULTS: Age, obesity, drinking habit, and blood glucose levels were found to be significant indicators of high serum ferritinlevel after adjusting for all confounding factors. Among the food groups, grain, milk, vegetable, and seaweed intakes weresignificantly associated with high ferritin levels, but after adjusting for all confounding factors, only grains and vegetablesremained significant factors. Among the nutrient groups, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C intake were significant factors,but after adjustment, none of the nutrient groups analyzed were associated with a high risk of ferritin. CONCLUSION: Age, obesity, drinking habit, and glucose levels, as well as inadequate intakes of grains and vegetables, werefound to be significantly associated with high serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal Korean women.
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