Vegetable intake is associated with lower Frammingham risk scores in Korean men: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2007-2009
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Observational studies suggest that an association between vegetable consumption and coronaryheart disease (CHD). However, the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the daily intake of vegetables ona national level and its effect on the risk of CHD risk, as determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted a cross-sectional design of 2,510 male adults 40-64y of age who participatedin the 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Daily intake of vegetable was assessed by 24-hrecall, and the consumption frequency of vegetables was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The odd ratioof CHD risk according to daily intake and frequency of vegetables was analyzed. RESULTS: Total vegetable intake was inversely and significantly associated with the risk of CHD (Model 1: 4th vs. 1st quartile,OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.96, P for trend = 0.0015), and the significant relationship with CHD risk remained even after adjustingfor potential confounders (Model 3: 4th vs. 1st quartile, adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.95, P for trend = 0.0492). Subjects in the higher quartiles of non-salted vegetable intake had 31% lower odds of the risk of CHD compared to thosein the lowest quartile after adjusting for various potential confounders in model 3 (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.49-0.97, P for trend= 0.0478). No significant associations between the frequency of vegetable intake (total, green, white and red vegetable) andthe risk of CHD were found. CONCLUSIONS: The major results of this study indicate that higher vegetable intake may help prevent CHD in Korean men.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Observational studies suggest that an association between vegetable consumption and coronaryheart disease (CHD). However, the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the daily intake of vegetables ona national level and its effect on the risk of CHD risk, as determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted a cross-sectional design of 2,510 male adults 40-64y of age who participatedin the 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Daily intake of vegetable was assessed by 24-hrecall, and the consumption frequency of vegetables was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The odd ratioof CHD risk according to daily intake and frequency of vegetables was analyzed. RESULTS: Total vegetable intake was inversely and significantly associated with the risk of CHD (Model 1: 4th vs. 1st quartile,OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.96, P for trend = 0.0015), and the significant relationship with CHD risk remained even after adjustingfor potential confounders (Model 3: 4th vs. 1st quartile, adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49-0.95, P for trend = 0.0492). Subjects in the higher quartiles of non-salted vegetable intake had 31% lower odds of the risk of CHD compared to thosein the lowest quartile after adjusting for various potential confounders in model 3 (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.49-0.97, P for trend= 0.0478). No significant associations between the frequency of vegetable intake (total, green, white and red vegetable) andthe risk of CHD were found. CONCLUSIONS: The major results of this study indicate that higher vegetable intake may help prevent CHD in Korean men.
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