Gender and age group differences in nutrition intake and dietary quality of Korean adults eating alone: based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2013–2016
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated gender and age differences in nutrient intake and dietary quality of people eating alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 data, 2,305 adults aged 20 years and older that ate meals alone were included in this study. Their energy and nutrients intakes, as well as their nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were analyzed. Food group consumption pattern, dietary variety score (DVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) were also analyzed. All data were compared among gender and age groups. RESULTS: Men consumed more energy and nutrients than women, except for vitamin C, and the NARs showed similar gender differences. The INQs of 4 nutrients (calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and riboflavin) were lower than 1.0 in men, whereas only the calcium INQ was lower than 1.0 in women. Men had a lower DDS (3.6) than women (3.9) (P < 0.001) and had more ‘undesirable’ food group consumption patterns than women (P < 0.001). The intakes of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were relatively low in the young-aged group (INQs less than 1.0). In the old-aged group, the MAR level was relatively low, and the INQs of calcium, riboflavin, and niacin were below 1.0. The old-aged group consumed more menu items, but their DVS was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to women, the dietary quality and food diversity among men were poorer. There were poorer quality and diversity patterns in the young-aged group compared to those of the older groups. An overall low intake of nutrients and the low nutrient density of meals were the main dietary problems among the old-aged group who eat alone. Therefore, men, particularly young- and old-aged, need to be prioritized in nutritional policies directed toward those who eat alone.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated gender and age differences in nutrient intake and dietary quality of people eating alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 data, 2,305 adults aged 20 years and older that ate meals alone were included in this study. Their energy and nutrients intakes, as well as their nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were analyzed. Food group consumption pattern, dietary variety score (DVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) were also analyzed. All data were compared among gender and age groups. RESULTS: Men consumed more energy and nutrients than women, except for vitamin C, and the NARs showed similar gender differences. The INQs of 4 nutrients (calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and riboflavin) were lower than 1.0 in men, whereas only the calcium INQ was lower than 1.0 in women. Men had a lower DDS (3.6) than women (3.9) (P < 0.001) and had more ‘undesirable’ food group consumption patterns than women (P < 0.001). The intakes of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were relatively low in the young-aged group (INQs less than 1.0). In the old-aged group, the MAR level was relatively low, and the INQs of calcium, riboflavin, and niacin were below 1.0. The old-aged group consumed more menu items, but their DVS was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to women, the dietary quality and food diversity among men were poorer. There were poorer quality and diversity patterns in the young-aged group compared to those of the older groups. An overall low intake of nutrients and the low nutrient density of meals were the main dietary problems among the old-aged group who eat alone. Therefore, men, particularly young- and old-aged, need to be prioritized in nutritional policies directed toward those who eat alone.
참고문헌 (38)
- Kerner S, "Commensality: from everyday food to feast" (2015), Bloomsbury Publishing
- Kim HW, "Single-person households and broadcasting trends change", Media Educ, 5, pp.152~171 (2015)
- "2018 senior citizen statistics" (2018)[URL]
- "Current status and characteristics of one-person households" (2018)[URL]
- 강윤화, "The Association between Family Mealtime and Depression in Elderly Koreans", Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 39(6), pp.340~346 (2018), 대한가정의학회
- Impact of the growth of single-person households on the food market and policy tasks, "Lee KI", Korea Rural Economic Institute, ~, pp.Report No. R762 (2015)
- Song EG, "Factors associated with eating alone in Korean adults, findings from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014", Korean J Fam Pract, 7, pp.698~706 (2017)
- Kimura Y, "Eating alone among community-dwelling Japanese elderly : association with depression and food diversity", J Nutr Health Aging, 16, pp.728~731 (2012)
- Tani Y, "Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status : the JAGES longitudinal survey", Age Ageing, 44, pp.1019~1026 (2015)
- Wang X, "Association between eating alone and depressive symptom in elders : a cross-sectional study", BMC Geriatr, 16, pp.19~ (2016)
- Kwon AR, "Eating alone and metabolic syndrome, a population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014", Obes Res Clin Pract, 12, pp.146~157 (2018)
- 송수연, "홀로식사와 대사증후군의 관련성: 구조방정식 모형을 이용한 위험요인 분석", 대한영양사협회 학술지, 25(2), pp.142~155 (2019), 대한영양사협회[DOI]
- de Castro JM, "Spontaneous meal patterns of humans : influence of the presence of other people", Am J Clin Nutr, 50, pp.237~247 (1989)
- Locher JL, "The effect of the presence of others on caloric intake in homebound older adults", J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60, pp.1475~1478 (2005)
- Hetherington MM, "Situational effects on meal intake : a comparison of eating alone and eating with others", Physiol Behav, 88, pp.498~505 (2006)
- Park YA, "Dietary behavior and nutrient intake of high school students in Seoul: focused on students who eat alone", pp.2011
- 배윤정, "가족동반 아침식사에 따른 청소년의 영양섭취상태 평가 - 2013~2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 -", 한국식품영양학회지, 30(6), pp.1210~1221 (2017), 한국식품영양학회[DOI]
- 이영미, "비만도에 따른 대학생의 혼자 식사 및 함께하는 식사 시의 식행동 비교", 대한지역사회영양학회지, 17(3), pp.280~289 (2012), 대한지역사회영양학회[DOI]
- 김현경, "중년 성인에서 혼자 식사하는 행동과 영양소 섭취, 비만 및 대사증후군 연관성 연구 : 2013~2017년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여", Journal of Nutrition and Health, 52(5), pp.435~448 (2019), 한국영양학회[DOI]
- 이은정, "성별에 따른 혼자 식사에 대한 인식과 식행동 비교 - 서울·경기지역을 중심으로 -", 한국식생활문화학회지, 33(6), pp.531~542 (2018), 한국식생활문화학회[DOI]
- 이영미, "사회경제적 변화에 따른 혼자 식사에 대한 남녀 대학생의 인식 및 식행동 비교", 대한영양사협회 학술지, 21(1), pp.57~71 (2015), 대한영양사협회[DOI]
- Tani Y, "Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults : results of the JAGES", Appetite, 95, pp.1~8 (2015)
- 조필규, "1인가구의 고용형태 및 연령별 혼자 식사(혼밥)관련 식행동 비교", 대한지역사회영양학회지, 24(5), pp.408~421 (2019), 대한지역사회영양학회[DOI]
- Park SH, "Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Korean : analysis of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES III)", Int J Cardiol, 139, pp.234~240 (2010)
- The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2015, "Ministry of Health and Welfare", The Korean Nutrition Society, ~ (2015)
- Guthrie HA, "Validity of a dietary score for assessing nutrient adequacy", J Am Diet Assoc, 78, pp.240~245 (1981)
- Madden JP, "Validity of the 24-hr. recall. Analysis of data obtained from elderly subjects", J Am Diet Assoc, 68, pp.143~147 (1976)
- Kant AK, "Dietary diversity in the US population, NHANES II, 1976-1980", J Am Diet Assoc, 91, pp.1526~1531 (1991)
- Yang SJ, "Nutritional risk and its contributing factors in the low-income elderly in urban areas", J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs, 16, pp.392~403 (2005)
- The Korean Nutrition Society. Korea health statistics 2017: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-2), "Ministry of Health and Welfare", Ministry of Health and Welfare, ~ (2019)
- 이정원, "직업 남성의 잦은 외식과 아침결식이 체질량지수 및 영양소 섭취에 미치는 영향 - 2001년 국민건강영양조사자료 분석", 대한지역사회영양학회지, 14(6), pp.789~797 (2009), 대한지역사회영양학회
- 이경애, "도시지역 성인의 식습관, 식품기호도 및 영양섭취의 세대간 비교 - 대학생과 부모 세대간 비교 -", Journal of Nutrition and Health, 39(5), pp.494~504 (2006), 한국영양학회
- 민찬양, "Skipping breakfast is associated with diet quality and metabolic syndrome risk factors of adults", Nutrition Research and Practice, 5(5), pp.455~463 (2011), 한국영양학회
- Lachat C, "Eating out of home and its association with dietary intake : a systematic review of the evidence", Obes Rev, 13, pp.329~346 (2012)
- An HK, "A study on the recognition and practice for reducing sodium intake of one-person households", pp.2015
- 최병범, "대학생의 혼자식사와 가공식품에 대한 인식 및 섭취 실태 조사", 한국식품영양학회지, 29(6), pp.911~922 (2016), 한국식품영양학회
- Yates L, "Eating together and eating alone : meal arrangements in British households", Br J Sociol, 68, pp.97~118 (2017)
- Choi J, "Menu evaluation of meal boxes sold in Korean convenience stores", J Food Nutr Res, 6, pp.18~25 (2018)