Beneficial effects of natural Jeju groundwaters on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats
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BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. Inthis study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (SamdasooTM), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locationsof Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathologyin high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to thehyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positivecontrol. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathologywere examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serumtriglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularlyS2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium(S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver andhypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ionsrather than their high contents of vanadium.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Groundwater is believed to possess many beneficial effects due to its natural source of various minerals. Inthis study, we examined the effects of natural Jeju groundwater S1 (SamdasooTM), S2 and S3 pumped up from different locationsof Jeju Island, Korea, along with local tap water, on body weight gain, serum lipids and lipoproteins, and liver histopathologyin high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Different water samples were supplied to thehyperlipidemic rats as their daily drinking water and the widely-used anti-hyperlipidemic drug simvastatin was used as a positivecontrol. Body weight, serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured weekly. Liver weight, liver index and liver histopathologywere examined after the execution of the rats. RESULTS: After drinking Jeju groundwaters for two months, S2 but not S3 significantly reduced weight growth and serumtriglycerides levels and increased high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) without affecting total cholesterol or LDL-C. S1 and particularlyS2 significantly reduced the severity of liver hypertrophy and steatosis. All Groundwaters had much higher contents of vanadium(S3>S2>S1>>tap water) whereas S1 and S2 but not S3 markedly blocked autoxidation of ferrous ions. CONCLUSION: Jeju Groundwater S1 and particularly S2 exhibit protective effects against hyperlipidemia and fatty liver andhypothesize that the beneficial effect of Jeju Groundwaters may be contributed from blockade of autoxidation of ferrous ionsrather than their high contents of vanadium.
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