Effects of isokinetic versus isotonic training on strength, power and muscular balance of rotator cuff muscles among advanced level of adolescent weightlifters
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Weightlifting is a sport that demands dynamic strength and power which involves a multi joint movement and whole body lifts. As an important kinetic chain involved in motions of weightlifting, previous literatures reported shoulder injuries due to muscular imbalance of shoulder rotator cuff muscles. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of isokinetic versus isotonic training on strength, power and muscular balance of the rotator cuff. A total of 24 state-level weightlifters were recruited and randomly assigned (gender- and weight-matched) into either isokinetic or isotonic group. However, only 19 participants successfully completed the intervention programme. Both groups went through 24 sessions of a training program three times per week for eight weeks. The intensity of training was increased progressively in terms of number of repetitions and set. Isokinetic variables of peak torque per body weight, time to peak torque, average power and external to internal rotators muscular strength ratio were recorded before and after the commencement of training and one month following the cessation of training. There was a non-statistically significant trend that indicated positive changes in the biomechanical adaptations of the rotator cuff in the isokinetic group compared to the isotonic group in terms of peak torque/body weight, time to peak torque and average power. In conclusion, both isokinetic and isotonic training specifically for rotator cuff has a potential to be proposed as an additional training among experienced weightlifters to improve their performance.
Abstract
Weightlifting is a sport that demands dynamic strength and power which involves a multi joint movement and whole body lifts. As an important kinetic chain involved in motions of weightlifting, previous literatures reported shoulder injuries due to muscular imbalance of shoulder rotator cuff muscles. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of isokinetic versus isotonic training on strength, power and muscular balance of the rotator cuff. A total of 24 state-level weightlifters were recruited and randomly assigned (gender- and weight-matched) into either isokinetic or isotonic group. However, only 19 participants successfully completed the intervention programme. Both groups went through 24 sessions of a training program three times per week for eight weeks. The intensity of training was increased progressively in terms of number of repetitions and set. Isokinetic variables of peak torque per body weight, time to peak torque, average power and external to internal rotators muscular strength ratio were recorded before and after the commencement of training and one month following the cessation of training. There was a non-statistically significant trend that indicated positive changes in the biomechanical adaptations of the rotator cuff in the isokinetic group compared to the isotonic group in terms of peak torque/body weight, time to peak torque and average power. In conclusion, both isokinetic and isotonic training specifically for rotator cuff has a potential to be proposed as an additional training among experienced weightlifters to improve their performance.
참고문헌 (42)
- Barlow, J. C, "Shoulder strength and range-of-motion characteristics in bodybuilders", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16, pp.367~372 (2002)
- Bartonietz, K. E, "Biomechanics of the snatch : toward a higher training efficiency", Strength and Conditioning Journal, 18(3), pp.24~31 (1996)
- Calhoon, G, "Injury rates and profiles of elite competitive weightlifters", Journal of Athletic Training, 34(3), pp.232~238 (1999)
- Chen, S. K, "The analysis of upper limb movement and EMG activation during snatch under various loading conditions", Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 13(01), pp.135~145 (2013)
- Cingel, R, "Isokinetic strength values, conventional ratio and dynamic control ratio of shoulder rotator muscles in elite badminton players", Isokinetic Exercise Science, 15(4), pp.287~293 (2007)
- Codine, P, "Reproducibility of isokinetic shoulder testing", Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 13, pp.61~62 (2005)
- Cohen J, "Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences" (1988), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Cools, A. M, "Scapular muscle recruitment pattern : electromyographic response of the trapezius muscle to sudden shoulder movement before and after a fatiguing exercise", The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 32(5), pp.221~229 (2002)
- Cormie, P, "Adaptations in athletic performance after ballistic power versus strength training", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(8), pp.1582~1598 (2010)
- Coyle, E. F, "Specificity of power improvements through slow and fast isokinetic training", Journal of Applied Physiology, 51, pp.1437~1442 (1981)
- Dauty, M, "Reproducibility of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the shoulder rotators in normal subjects 40 to 55years old", Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 11, pp.95~100 (2003)
- Davies, G.A, "Compendium of isokinetics in clinical usage and rehabilitation techniques" (1992), S & S Publishers
- de Oliveira, F. B. D, "Are early and late rate of force development differently influenced by fast-velocity resistance training", Clinical Physiology Functional Imaging, 33(4), pp.282~287 (2013)
- DeMey, K, "Scapular muscle rehabilitation exercises in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms effect of a 6-week training program on muscle recruitment and functional outcome", The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), pp.1906~1915 (2012)
- Ellenbecker, T, "Concentric vs. eccentric isokinetic strengthening of the rotator cuff", The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 16(1), pp.64~69 (1988)
- Ellenbecker, T. S, "Age specific isokinetic glenohumeral internal and external rotation strength in elite junior tennis players", Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(1), pp.63~70 (2003)
- Escamilla, R. F, "Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises", Sports Medicine, 39(8), pp.663~685 (2009)
- Goertzen, M, "Injuries and damage caused by excess stress in bodybuilding and power lifting", Sportverletz Sportschaden, 3, pp.32~36 (1989)
- Gross, M. L, "Anterior shoulder instability in weight lifters", American Journal of Sports and Medicine, 21, pp.599~603 (1993)
- Hageman, P. A, "Effects of position and speed on eccentric and concentric isokinetic testing of the shoulder rotators", The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 11, pp.64~69 (1989)
- Heiderscheit, B. C, "The effects of isokinetic vs. plyometric training on the shoulder internal rotators", The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 23(2), pp.125~133 (1996)
- Kang, S.H, "Alterations of muscular strength and left and right limb balance in weightlifters after an 8-week balance training program", Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(7), pp.895~900 (2013)
- Keogh, J, "Retrospective injury epidemiology of one hundred one competitive Oceania power lifters : The effects of age, body mass, competitive standard, and gender", The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20, pp.672~681 (2006)
- Kolber, M. J, "Shoulder joint and muscle characteristics among healthy female recreational weight training participants", Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(1), pp.231~241 (2011)
- König, M, "Sport-specific injuries in weight lifting", Schweiz Z Sportmed, 36, pp.25~30 (1990)
- Kovaleski, J. E, "Isotonic preload versus isokinetic knee extension resistance training", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, pp.895~899 (1995)
- Kraemer, W. J, "Fundamentals of resistance training : progression and exercise prescription", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(4), pp.674~688 (2004)
- Lavallee, M. E, "An overview of strength training injuries : acute and chronic", Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(5), pp.307~313 (2010)
- Ludewig, P. M, "Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement", Physical Therapy Journal, 80(3), pp.276~291 (2000)
- Lugo, R, "Shoulder biomechanics", European Journal of Radiology, 68(1), pp.16~24 (2008)
- Malliou, P. C, "Effective ways of restoring muscular imbalances of the rotator cuff muscle group : a comparative study of various training methods", British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(6), pp.766~772 (2003)
- Mayer, F, "Reproducibility of isokinetic peak torque and angle at peak torque in the shoulder joint", International Journal of Sport Medicine, 15, pp.26~31 (1994)
- Meeteren, J, "Test–retest reliability in isokinetic muscle strength measurements of the shoulder", Journal of Rehabilitation Exercise, 34, pp.91~95 (2002)
- Moffroid, M. T, "Specificity of speed of exercise", Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 50, pp.1692~1699 (1970)
- Myers, J. B, "Rotator cuff coactivation ratios in participants with subacromial impingement syndrome", Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(6), pp.603~608 (2009)
- Pabian, P. S, "Post rehabilitation strength and conditioning of the shoulder : an interdisciplinary approach", Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(3), pp.42~55 (2011)
- Pipes, T. V, "Isokinetics vs isotonic strength training in adult men", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 7, pp.262~274 (1975)
- Plotnikoff, N. A, "Test–retest reliability of glenohumeral internal and external rotator strength", Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 12, pp.367~372 (2002)
- Schlumberger, A, "Muscle imbalances - fact or fiction", Isokinetic Exercise Science, 14(1), pp.3~11 (2006)
- Smith, M.J, "Isokinetic versus isotonic variable resistance training", The American Journal and Sports Medicine, 9(4), pp.275~279 (1981)
- Wadsworth, D. J, "Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement", International Journal of Sport Medicine, 18(8), pp.618~624 (1997)
- Zatsiorsky, V. M, "Strength and Power in Sport, Second Edition" (2003), Blackwell Science Ltd