여주열매의 성숙단계 및 부위에 따른 이화학적 특성
Investigation of Physicochemical Properties According to Different Parts and Maturity of Momordica charantia L.
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초록
여주(Momordica charantia L.)는 열대, 아열대 지방에서 재배되고 있는 박과의 유용한 작물로 약리작용이 뛰어난 식물이다. 여주의 품종별, 부위별 그리고 열매의 생장단계별 이화학성분을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조단백질은 NL 27.5%, EL26.9%, DL 23.6%로 특히 잎에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고 조지방은 EF1 4.0%, NF1 3.9% 순으로 열매가 생장함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 조섬유는 세 품종 모두 줄기에 많이 함유되어 있었으며 조회분은 EL 23.2%, DL 17.4%, NF3 13.6% 순이었다. 주요 무기성분은 K, Ca 및 Mg으로 특히 K은 NF3 498.37, DF3 339.21, DS 314.30 그리고 NF2 307.34 ㎎/100g 순이었다. Ca의 함량은 EL 513.45, DL 371.69, NL 209.43 ㎎/100g 순으로열매보다 잎과 줄기에 많이 함유되어 있었으며, Mg은 EL에서69.92 ㎎/100g으로 그 함량이 가장 높았다. 엽록소 a는 NL 44.29 ㎎/㎏, 엽록소 b는 EL 75.96 ㎎/㎏ 그리고 총엽록소 함량은 EL 116.49 ㎎/㎏으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 여주의 비타민 C 함량은 EF2 2849.9, NF3 2330.5 EF3 1985.1 그리고 NF2 1844.5 ㎎/㎏ 순이었고, 드레곤 보다는 재래종과 에라부의 열매에 많이 함유되어 있었다. charantin의 함량은 열매보다도 잎에서 더 높게 나타났으며 그 함량은 DL 547.71, EL 506.04, EF2 395.62 ㎍/g 순으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아무기성분, 총클로로필 및 캐란틴 함량은 열매보다 잎(EL, DL) 에서 , 비타민 C 함량은 열매(EF2, NF2)에서 함유량이 높았다. 따라서 여주는 훌륭한 영양성분의 공급원으로 앞으로 무기성분과 비타민 함량이 풍부한 재래종 열매뿐 아니라 잎에 대한 사용법 모색이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.
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