Representations of Anti-Communism and Sexuality in Popular Culture during the Yushin Regime in South Korea: Aspects of 1970s Reading Culture as seen through Anti-Communist Adult Comic Books
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article explores the reading culture of anti-communist adult comic books as a unique sub-culture of 1970s South Korea which arose out of the confluence of anticommunist discourse and an explosion of sexualized content in popular culture. Anticommunist adult comic books appealed to publishers wanting to follow government policies of anti-communism and counter-espionage, writers desiring to create successful popular works, and readers seeking erotic content. As a result, authors portrayed female spies as sources of amusement and appealed to readers’ orientalist imaginations and voyeuristic desires. Comic books about Kim Il-sung featured rape scenes under the pretext of exposing the dictator’s evil deeds. In the process, Kim Il-sung became an object of admiration and envy, delivering vicarious satisfaction to readers. By illustrating the evil dictator as a phallic symbol, these books created a character worthy of male readers’ empathy, including teenagers. These narratives were produced and circulated during the post-war Yushin regime at time when authorities were pushing ethical puritanism and anti-communism despite the explosion of sexual themes in popular culture. Moreover, this essay highlights how anti-communist adult comic books reveal the possibility for popular culture to be produced and consumed in ways at odds with the desires of authorities.
Abstract
This article explores the reading culture of anti-communist adult comic books as a unique sub-culture of 1970s South Korea which arose out of the confluence of anticommunist discourse and an explosion of sexualized content in popular culture. Anticommunist adult comic books appealed to publishers wanting to follow government policies of anti-communism and counter-espionage, writers desiring to create successful popular works, and readers seeking erotic content. As a result, authors portrayed female spies as sources of amusement and appealed to readers’ orientalist imaginations and voyeuristic desires. Comic books about Kim Il-sung featured rape scenes under the pretext of exposing the dictator’s evil deeds. In the process, Kim Il-sung became an object of admiration and envy, delivering vicarious satisfaction to readers. By illustrating the evil dictator as a phallic symbol, these books created a character worthy of male readers’ empathy, including teenagers. These narratives were produced and circulated during the post-war Yushin regime at time when authorities were pushing ethical puritanism and anti-communism despite the explosion of sexual themes in popular culture. Moreover, this essay highlights how anti-communist adult comic books reveal the possibility for popular culture to be produced and consumed in ways at odds with the desires of authorities.
참고문헌 (41)
- Chosun Ilbo, "Kim Il-sung byeoljang jeomnyeong(Occupation of Kim Ilsung’s Vacation Home)", ~ (1951)
- Chosun Ilbo, "Chunsaeg-eun Kim Il-sung byeoljang-edo(Spring Scenery also Arrives at Kim Il-sung’s Vacation Home)", ~ (1953)
- Chosun Ilbo, "Aideul-eul eojjeol jakjeonginga? Eumnan seonginmanhwa-ui cheongsonyeon chimtu-reul bogo(What Should We Do for Our Children? Watching the Spread of Adult Comics among Our Youth)", ~ (1974)
- Dong-A Ilbo, "Idae yeongmungwa chulsin Kim Su-im-ui jeollyeok(Past History of Kim Su-im, an English Literature Graduate from Ewha Womans University)", ~ (1950)
- Dong-A Ilbo, "Jeojir-eui jedong(Braking Obscenity)", ~ (1971)
- Dong-A Ilbo, "Dongsim-gwa seongin-ui kkum haechin toepyemanhwa-edo doenseori(Crackdown on Lewd Comic Books Damaging Children’s Innocence and Adults’ Dream)", ~ (1975)
- Han, Il-woo, "Kim Il-sung janggun hoegyeongi(Interview of General Kim Il-sung)", Minseong, ~ (1946)
- Han, Seol-ya, "Jakga-ga bon Kim Il-sung janggun(General Kim Il-sung in this Writer’s Eyes)", Minseong, ~ (1947)
- Hyangsu, "Segi-ui yeogancheop Mata Hari (Mata Hari: Female Spy of the Century). Vols. 1–13" (1976), Munil
- Ibuktongsin, "Kim Il-sung gagye birok(Secrets of the Kim Il-sung Family)", ~ (1950)
- Joguktongilsa, "Bujeongbupae-ga pan-eul chineun Nnamjoseon (South Korea, Where Corruption is Serious)" (1979), Joguktongilsa
- Kim, Myeong-ho, "Mije-ga Namjoseon-e peotteurigo inneun bureujyoa insaeng gwan-ui bandongjeok bonjil (The Reactionary Nature of Bourgeois Li fe that the US i s Spreading to South Korea)" (1978), Gwahakbaekgwasajeon
- Kim, Ryeol, "Nae-ga bon Kim Il-sung-ui joeak 20nyeonsa(20 Vicious Years of Kim Il-sung that I Witnessed)", Bukan teukbo, ~ (1949)
- Kyunghyang Shinmun, "Jeoksaek yeoseupai(Red Female Spy)", ~ (1950)
- Kyunghyang Shinmun, "Yeogancheop Kim Su-im-ui jeollakgi(Fall of Female Spy Kim Su-im)", ~ (1950)
- Kyunghyang Shinmun, "Janhok jeosokhan seonginmanhwa beomnam(Cruel and Vulgar Adult Comic Books Everywhere)", ~ (1974)
- Kyunghyang Shinmun, "Eumnan seonginmanhwa miseongnyeon-e daebon(Obscene Adult Comic Books Lent to Minors)", ~ (1974)
- Maeil Business Newspaper, "Toepyepungjo jeonghwa sebu sihaeng gyehoek(Detailed Plans to Eradicate Decadent Trends)", ~ (1971)
- Oh, Yeong-jin, "Sogunjeongha-ui bukan: tto hana-ui jeungeon (North Korea Ruled by Soviet Military Government: Another Testimony)" (1952), Jungang
- Park, Bu-gil, "Kim Il-sung-ui chimsil (Kim Il-sung’s Bedroom). Vols. 1–2" (1974), News PR
- Park, Bu-gil, "Kim Il-sung-ui chimsil (Kim Il-sung’s Bedroom). Vol. 3" (1974), Taeja
- Park, Bu-gil, "Kim Il-sung-ui chimsil (Kim Il-sung’s Bedroom). Vols. 4–6" (1975), Bugil
- Park, Su-san, "Gisaeng gancheop Kim So-san (Gisaeng Spy Kim So-san). Vols. 1–2" (1979), Munhwa
- Anon, "Kim Il-sung-ui chimsil: not-gwa bam (Kim Il-sung’s Bedroom: Day and Night)" (1974), News PR
- 한상정, "1960년대 한국만화에서 드러난 반공주의의 몇 가지 양태", 대중서사연구, (22), pp.91~113 (2009), 대중서사학회[DOI]
- 임종수, "『선데이서울』에 나타난 여성, 섹슈얼리티 그리고 1970년대", 한국문학연구, (44), pp.91~136 (2013), 한국문학연구소[DOI]
- 전지니, "반공과 검열, 그리고 불온한 육체의 기묘한 동거 - 1970년대 영화 ‘특별수사본부’ 여간첩 시리즈에 대한 고찰", 여성문학연구, (33), pp.147~190 (2014), 한국여성문학학회
- 전지니, "유신 이후의 반공영화와 오제도라는 ‘신화’ - 영화 <특별수사본부>시리즈를 중심으로 -", 한국극예술연구, (56), pp.53~91 (2017), 한국극예술학회[DOI]
- Kim, Chang-nam, "Na-ui munhwa pyeollyeokgi (My Cultural Pilgrimage)" (2015), Jeonghan chaekbang
- Kwon, Bodrae, "Park Chung-hee Modeonijeum (Park Chung-hee Modernism)" (2015), Cheonnyeonui sangsang
- Kwon, Myeong-a, "Yeoksajeok pasijeum (Historical Fascism)" (2005), Chaeksesang
- 오진곤, "1970년대 말 한국 애니메이션의 반공 이념 반영과 표현의 양상 -<똘이장군> 시리즈를 중심으로-", 인문학연구, (49), pp.449~481 (2015), 인문학연구원
- 박인하, "한국 명랑만화 장르의 형성과 발전 연구", 애니메이션연구, 8(4), pp.43~61 (2012), 한국애니메이션학회
- "Kim Il-sung-ui chimsil, bangong-gwa seksyueolliti-ui mannam(Kim Il-sung’s Bedroom, Encounter of Anti-Communism and Sexuality)" (2013)[URL]
- Park, Jae-dong, "Hanguk manhwa-ui seongujadeul (Pioneers of Korean Cartoons)" (1995), Yeolhwadang
- 박성아, "『선데이 서울』에 나타난 여성의 유형과 표상", 한국학연구, (22), pp.159~190 (2010), 한국학연구소
- Son, Sang-ik, "Hanguk manhwa tongsa 2 (Korean Cartoon Syntax 2)" (1998), Sigongsa
- 이봉범, "냉전과 월남지식인, 냉전문화기획자 오영진 - 한국전쟁 전후 오영진의 문화 활동", 민족문학사연구, (61), pp.195~240 (2016), 민족문학사연구소
- 이하나, "1970년대 간첩", 첩보 서사와 과잉 냉전의 문화적 감수성, 2015, pp.(112), 372~411[DOI]
- 유선영, "동원체제의 과민족화 프로젝트와 섹스영화: 데카당스의 정치학", 언론과 사회, 15(2), pp.2~56 (2007), 사단법인 언론과 사회
- 윤지혜, "한국 반공만화영화의 선전 전략과 그 의미", 한국극예술연구, (46), pp.157~188 (2014), 한국극예술학회[DOI]