화훼작물이 재배된 온실 또는 노지재배지의 토양 화학성 비교
Comparison of Soil Chemical Properties in Greenhouse or Open Field Where Flower Crops were Cultivated from 2018 to 2020
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초록
2018년부터 2020년까지 화훼작물의 시설 및 노지재배지의 토양 화학성을 비교 분석하였다. 시설재배지 토양의 pH는 3년간 적정 범위 유지되었고, 노지토양도 적정 범위로 유지되었다. 유기물 함량은 두 토양에서 모두 적정 범위로 유지되었고, EC의경우 시설토양은 적정 기준보다 높았으나, 노지토양에서는 적정 기준 범위로 유지되었다. 유효인산은 시설토양에서 2018년에 560 ㎎/㎏가장 높았으나 매해 낮아져 2020년에 적정 기준범위로 낮아졌고, 노지재배지 토양은 매해 적정 범위에 유지되었다. 치환성 양이온은 시설재배지 토양에서 3년간 표준 범위보다 높게 유지되어 영양 불균형이 극심하였고, 특히 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘의 유의성이 높았다. 그러나 노지재배지 토양에서는 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘이 적정 범위보다 약간 높은 수준이었다. 주성분 분석을 통해서 시설재배지 토양의 치환성 양이온을 비롯해 유효인산, EC가 높은 문제점이 드러났으며, 노지재배지는 시설재배지보다는 상대적으로 낮은 값의 유효인산, EC, 치환성 양이온 분포를 보였다. 그러나 노지재배지 토양의 pH는변동성이 너무 크고 pH가 높은 토양의 비율이 시설재배지보다높았다. 또한, 노지재배지 토양은 시설재배지보다 유기물 함량이 낮으므로 유기물 시용에 더욱 적극적으로 노력해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
A comparative analysis was performed on the soil chemical properties of greenhouse or open field where flower crops were grown from 2018 to 2020. The pH of greenhouse soils was kept slightly higher than the optimum range suggested by Rural Development Administration and that of open field soils was maintained within the optimum range for three years. The contents of organic matter (OM) were within the optimum range without significant change every year in both soils. Available phosphate (Av. P2O5) of greenhouse soils was the highest at 560 ㎎/㎏ in 2018, but it decreased every year and fell within the appropriate range in 2020. The concentration of Av. P2O5 in open field soils have fluctuated for three years, not showing a significant difference. Electrical conductivity (EC) of greenhouse soils was higher every year than the standard, 2.0 dS/m, but EC of open field soils remained below the standard. The contents of exchangeable cations were higher than the standard, showing significant differences among the years in greenhouse soils. In open field soils, other cations except exchangeable K+ were maintained higher than the optimal level and only Ca2+ showed a significant difference among the years. In Pearson correlation matrices, the value of exchangeable Ca2+ had a significantly positive correlation with exchangeable Mg2+ content at both greenhouse and open field soils. Based on principal component analysis, the soils of greenhouse were distributed within the range of high concentrations of Av. P2O5, EC and exchangeable cations, while the soils of open field were characterized by low contents of OM and exchangeable cations. Therefore, it is essential to lower the concentration of exchangeable cations in greenhouse soils. It is common for the soils of open field to have a low OM content, so that organic fertilizers should be more actively applied to the soils in open field.
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