본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Dead Woman Walking: Female Representation in Lee Jang-ho’s Film Adaptation of Choi In-ho’s Byeoldeul-ui gohyang

이형진
한국학중앙연구원 (The Academy of Korean Studies)|2024.09|Korea Journal|제64권 제3호|pp. 186-226|DOI 10.25024/kj.2024.64.3.186

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

montageclose-upmale gazephotogéniehostess literature and film1970s Korean cinemaobjectification of womendécadrage (deframing)
주제분류한국어와문학

초록

This paper explores the significance of female representation in Lee Jang-ho’s film adaptation of Choi In-ho’s novel, Byeoldeul-ui gohyang, within the context of 1970s South Korean literature and film. Both the novel and the film gained immense popularity as symbols of emerging youth culture, contributing significantly to the history of Korean popular culture. They played a crucial role in revitalizing the struggling film industry by catalyzing the hostess literature and film boom of the 1970s. However, despite their cultural impact, assessments of the novel and film remain mixed. This study focuses on analyzing the portrayal of the female character, O Gyeong-a, who has been both the source of their popularity and the subject of various criticisms. This paper particularly highlights the innovative elements introduced by director Lee Jang-ho, demonstrating that, contrary to popular and even academic belief that the film objectifies Gyeong-a to the extent of exploitation, it instead effectively problematizes and challenges the prevalent objectification of women in 1970s patriarchal Korean society. Furthermore, this study argues that the film marks a seminal moment in Korean cinema, showcasing the cultural adaptability and vibrancy of Korean visual media.

Abstract

This paper explores the significance of female representation in Lee Jang-ho’s film adaptation of Choi In-ho’s novel, Byeoldeul-ui gohyang, within the context of 1970s South Korean literature and film. Both the novel and the film gained immense popularity as symbols of emerging youth culture, contributing significantly to the history of Korean popular culture. They played a crucial role in revitalizing the struggling film industry by catalyzing the hostess literature and film boom of the 1970s. However, despite their cultural impact, assessments of the novel and film remain mixed. This study focuses on analyzing the portrayal of the female character, O Gyeong-a, who has been both the source of their popularity and the subject of various criticisms. This paper particularly highlights the innovative elements introduced by director Lee Jang-ho, demonstrating that, contrary to popular and even academic belief that the film objectifies Gyeong-a to the extent of exploitation, it instead effectively problematizes and challenges the prevalent objectification of women in 1970s patriarchal Korean society. Furthermore, this study argues that the film marks a seminal moment in Korean cinema, showcasing the cultural adaptability and vibrancy of Korean visual media.

참고문헌 (61)

  1. Abelmann, Nancy, "South Korean Golden Age Melodrama: Gender, Genre and National Cinema", pp.1~15 (2005), Wayne State University Press
  2. An, Jae-seok, "Cheongnyeon yeonghwa undong-euroseoui ‘yeongsangsidae’e daehan yeongu (A Study on the ‘Age of Images’ as Young Cinema Movement)", Master, pp.2001
  3. An, Jin-soo, "Popular Reasoning of South Korean Melodrama Films (19531972)", PhD, pp.2005
  4. Barraclough, Ruth, "Factory Girl Literature: Sexuality, Violence, and Representation in Industrializing Korea" (2012), University of California Press
  5. Bonitzer, Pascal, "Cahiers du Cinéma vol. 4: 1973–1978:History, Ideology, Cultural Struggle", pp.197~203 (2000), Routledge
  6. Bortolotti, Gary R., "On the Origin of Adaptations:Rethinking Fidelity Discourse and ‘Success’: Biologically", New Literary History, 38(3), pp.443~458 (2007)
  7. Byeon, In-sik, "Yeonghwami-ui ballan (Rebellion of Cinematic Beauty)" (1972), Taeguk Publishing
  8. Byeon, In-sik, "Yeongsang sidae-reul naemyeonseo (Upon the Publication of Age of Images)", Yeongsang sidae (Age of Images), 1(1), pp.10~11 (1977)
  9. Byeon, In-sik, "‘Miwodo dasi hanbeon’: Geu jakpum jae-eum-mi (Revisiting the Work, Love Me Once Again)", Gyeogwolgan yeonghwa (Bimonthly Movie Magazine), 1980(9-10), pp.30~33 (1980)
  10. Byeon, In-sik, "Yeonghwa-reul hyanghayeo mirae-reul hyanghayeo (Towards the Movies, Towards the Future)" (1995), Goggan Media
  11. Cho, Junhyoung, "Rediscovering Korean Cinema", pp.34~64 (2019), University of Michigan Press
  12. Choi, In-ho, "“2-wa 1", 2” (2 and 1, Sasanggye (World of Thought), pp.1968, 186[DOI]
  13. Choi, In-ho, "Byeoldeul-ui gohyang (Hometown of Stars). 2 vols" (2013), Yeobaek
  14. Chosun Ilbo, "Byeoldeul-ui gohyang keuraengkeueop—Eumak-eun Yi Jang hui-ga mata (The Filming of Byeoldeul-ui gohyang Wraps up—Music to be Directed by Lee Jang-hee)", ~ (1974)
  15. Deleuze, Gilles, "Cinema 1: The Movement-Image" (2001), University of Minnesota Press
  16. Doane, Mary Ann, "Femmes Fatales: Feminism, Film Theory, Psychoanalysis" (1991), Routledge
  17. Doane, Mary Ann, "The Close-Up: Scale and Detail in the Cinema", Differences : A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 14(3), pp.89~111 (2003)
  18. Gunning, Tom, "Jean Espstein: Critical Essays and New Translations", pp.13~22 (2012), Amsterdam University Press
  19. Ha, Gil-jong, "Sae sedae, sae yeonghwa, sae jeongsin (New Generation, New Cinema, and New Spirit)", Yeongsang sidae (Age of Images), 1(1), pp.27~35 (1977)
  20. Hutcheon, Linda, "A Theory of Adaptation. 2nd ed" (2013), Routledge
  21. Jin, Dal Yong, "New Korean Wave: Transnational Cultural Power in the Age of Social Media" (2016), University of Illinois Press
  22. Kang, Young-hee, "10-wol yusin, cheongnyeon munhwa, sahoeseong mello deurama: ‘Byeoldeul-ui gohyang’-gwa ‘eoje naerin bi’-reul jungsim-euro (October Restoration, Youth Culture, and the Social Melodrama: Focusing on ‘Hometown of Stars’ and ‘It Rained Yesterday’)", Yeoseong-gwa sahoe (Women and Society), 3, pp.223~248 (1992)
  23. Keller, Sarah, "Jean Espstein: Critical Essays and New Translations", pp.23~47 (2012), Amsterdam University Press
  24. Kim, Byeong-ik, "Jeolmeum-ui gwangjang: Geojit, anil, sangtuseong, chimmuk-eul seulpeohaneun ‘beullujin, tonggita, saengmaekju’-ui cheongnyeon munhwa (The Plaza of Youth: Youth Culture of ‘Blue Jeans, Acoustic Guitar and Draft Beer’ Disillusioned by Lies, Complacency, Conventionality and Silence)", Dong-A Ilbo. March 29, ~ (1974)
  25. Kim, Byeong-ik, "Oneullal-ui ‘jeolmeun usang’-deul (Today’s ‘Young Idols’)", Dong-A Ilbo. March 29, ~ (1974)
  26. Kim, Ji-hye, "1970-nyeondae daejung soseol-ui yeonghwajeok byeonyong yeongu (A Study on Cinematic Transformation of Popular Novels in the 1970s)", Hanguk munhak iron-gwa bipyeong (Korean Literary Theory and Criticism), 58, pp.357~381 (1970)
  27. Kim, Molly Hyo, "Genre Conventions of South Korean Hostess Films (19741982): Prostitutes and the Discourse of Female Sacrifice", Acta Koreana, 17(1), pp.455~477 (2014)
  28. Kim, Molly Hy, "Whoring the Mermaid: The Study of South Korean Hostess Film (1974–1982)", PhD, pp.2014
  29. Kim, Molly Hy, "Film Censorship Policy During Park Chung Hee’s Military Regime(1960–1979)and Hostess Films", IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies, 1(2), pp.37~50 (2016)
  30. "Wolgan yeonghwa (Monthly Cinema) 3.1" (1975)[URL]
  31. "Hanguk yeonghwa jaryo pyeollam: Chochanggi–1976-nyeon (Korean Film Reference Book: Initial Stage–1976)" (1977)[URL]
  32. "1999-nyeondopan hanguk yeonghwa yeongam (Korean Film Annual Report 1999)" (1999)[URL]
  33. Kwon, Eunsun, "1970-nyeondae gukchaek yeonghwa-wa daejung yeonghwa ui sanggwanseong yeongu (A Study on the Relation of National Policy Propaganda Film and Popular Film in 1970s)", Hyeondae yeonghwa yeongu (Contemporary Film Studies), 21(1), pp.7~36 (2015)
  34. Kyunghyang Shinmun, "74-nyeon-ui choego (The Best of 1974)", ~ (1974)
  35. Kyunghyang Shinmun, "Yeonghwagye isang giryu: Aryu jejak bum (Strange New Trends in the Film Industry: The Formulaic Film Boom)", ~ (1975)
  36. Laügt, Élodie, "Why Emma Bovary Had to Be Killed on Screen: From Flaubert to Chabrol via Rancière", Forum for Modern Language Studies, 49(3), pp.272~285 (2013)
  37. Lee, Hyung Jin, "Choi Inho soseol-ui daejungseong-gwa yeoseong pyosang:Byeoldeul-ui gohyang-ui seosanjeollyag-e daehan bunseog-eul jungsim-euro (The Relationship between Popularity and Female Representation in Choi In ho’s Works: Focusing on the Analysis of Narrative Strategies in Byeoldeul-ui gohyang)", Eomun yeongu (Korean Language and Literary Research), 48(3), pp.173~199 (2020)
  39. Lee, Jang-ho, "Numyeong beotgi wihae angan him (Desperate to Clear One’s Name of False Charges)", Wolgan yeonghwa (Monthly Cinema), 3(1), pp.68~71 (1975)
  40. Lee, Jang-ho, "Yeonghwa, geu singsinghan wonsirim-eul bonda—Sinye Yi Jang-ho gamdok-gwa-ui daehwa (Cinema, Looking into the Uncharted Jungle—A Conversation with the New Director Lee Jang-ho)", Yeongsang sidae (Age of Images), 1(1), pp.133~139 (1977)
  41. Lee, Jin-Kyung, "Service Economies: Militarism, Sex Work and Migrant Labor in South Korea" (2010), University of Minnesota Press
  42. Lee, Sangjoon, "Rediscovering Korean Cinema", pp.1~33 (2019), University of Michigan Press
  43. Lee, Young Mee, "Cheongnyeon munhwa-neun wae hapil 1970-nyeondae yeosseulkka? (Why did Youth Culture Emerge in the 1970s?)", Inmul-gwa sasang (People and Thought), 214, pp.168~181 (2016)
  44. Lee, Young Mee, "Cheongnyeon munhwa-wa jeongchijeong jinboseong-eun eotteon gwangye yeonneunga? (What is the Relationship between Youth Culture and Political Progressivism?)", Inmul-gwa sasang (People and Thought), 215, pp.168~181 (2016)
  45. Lee, Young Mee, "Seoyangjeok ieoseo deouk hanguk jeogil su isseotdeon cheong nyeondeul (Westernization and Koreanization of Korean Youth)", Inmul-gwa sasang (People and Thought), 217, pp.150~163 (2016)
  46. Lee, Young Mee, "Cheongnyeon munhwa-e yeoseong-ui jari-neun inneunga? (Is T here a Place for Women in Korean Youth Culture?)", Inmul-gwa sasang (People and Thought), 218, pp.151~164 (2016)
  47. Leitch, Thomas, "Film Adaptation and Its Discontents: From Gone with the Wind to The Passion of the Christ" (2007), Johns Hopkins University Press
  48. Min, Byeong-gi, "Hanguk-ui yeongsang munhak (Image Literature of Korea)" (1998), Munye madang
  49. Mitchell, W. J. T, "What Do Pictures ‘Really’ Want?", October, 77, pp.71~82 (1996)
  50. Mitchell, W. J. T, "What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images" (2005), University of Chicago Press
  51. Mulvey, Laura, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema", Screen, 16(3), pp.6~18 (1975)
  52. Mun, Gwan-gyu, "Dasi hanguk yeonghwa-reul malhada:Korean nyuweibeu-wa Lee Jang-ho (Revisiting Korean Cinema: Korean New Wave and Lee Jang-ho)" (2023), Midas Books
  53. Rancière, Jacques, "Why Emma Bovary Had to Be Killed", Critical Inquiry, 34(2), pp.233~248 (2008)
  54. Roh, Ji-seung, "1970-nyeondae hoseutiseu mellodeurama hogeun iju, seongnodong, jeohang-ui yeoseong saengaesa (Hostess Melodramas of the 1970s: Sex Work and Resistance as Female Life History)", Yeoseong munhak yeongu (Feminism and Korean Literature), (41), pp.73~108 (1970)
  55. Ryu, Youngju, "Writers of the Winter Republic: Literature and Resistance in Park Chung Hee’s Korea" (2016), University of Hawai‘i Press
  56. Shim, Doobo, "Whither the Korean Film Industry?", Acta Koreana, 14(1), pp.213~227 (2011)
  57. Stam, Robert, "Literature and Film: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Film Adaptation", pp.1~52 (2005), Wiley Blackwell
  58. Yeongsang sidae, "Yeongsang sidae (Age of Images)", 1(1), pp.1~186 (1977)
  59. Yeongsang sidae, "Yeongsang sidae (Age of Images)", 2(1), pp.1~173 (1978)
  60. Yi, Hyo-in, "Uri yeonghwa-ui mongsang-gwa oman (The Delusions and Arrogance of Korean Cinema)" (1994), Mingul
  61. Zizek, Slavoj, "Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture" (1992), MIT Press

관련 논문AI추천

GENRE CONVENTIONS OF SOUTH KOREAN HOSTESS FILMS (1974–1982): PROSTITUTES AND THE DISCOURSE OF FEMALE SACRIFICE김효정한국학연구원 · Acta Koreana2014 · 제17권 제1호Mountain and Sea: Gender Dilemma in Park Chan-wook’s Decision to Leave (2022)ZHU JING영화연구소 · 아시아영화연구2023 · 제16권 제2호Hallyu and Film Adaptation: Maids of Decolonization in Park Chan-wook’s The Handmaiden박희본, 정문영한국학중앙연구원 · Korea Journal2020 · 제60권 제1호Women’s Literature in 1970s South Korea: A Study of Works by Pak Wan-sŏ, O Chŏng-hŭi, and Sŏ Yŏng-ŭn김한성, 최정아한국아시아학회 · 아시아연구2025 · 제28권 제2호Mother/Whore: Prostituting Motherly Care in Neoliberal South KoreaSeunghei Clara Hong연세대학교 영어영문학과 BK21 Plus 사업단 · Situations: Cultural Studies in the Asian Context2018 · 제11권 제2호The Strangers in Chang-dong Lee’s Burning and Chan-wook Park’s Decision to Leave안유진한국신종교학회 · 신종교연구2024 · 제51권 제51호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (11건)

Ideas on the Public and the Private of 18thcentury Joseon Confucian Scholar Seongho Yi Ik백민정pp. 5-38Preservation as a Force of Development: Local, National, and Cold War Dynamics in the Making of South Korea’s First National Park하재영pp. 39-69The Influx of Western Science and Choe Han-gi’s Political Philosophy: From Virtue to Knowledge김경수pp. 70-94“Our Local President”: Friends and Neighbors Effect in the Presidential Elections in the Republic of KoreaFedor CHERNETSKIIpp. 95-125(Un)visualizing Korea in the World: The Issue of the Translator in the Collection of Modern Korean Fairy Tales and the Politics of the World Fairy Tale Series조윤정pp. 126-157
원문 보기