10~15세기 이슬람의 메카 순례 경로와 티무르조의 순례 부흥 노력
Pilgrimage Routes to Mecca in the 10th-15th Centuries and Timurid Revival Efforts
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본 논문은 10~14세기에 이슬람권 동부에서 메카로 향했던 순례자들의 경로 및 그에 영향을 끼치는 정치적 요인을 분석하고, 14~15세기에 이슬람권 동부를 장악했던 티무르조가 자국민의 순례 활성화를 위해 어떤 조치를 취했는지 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이슬람권 동부 주민들의 순례는 메카와 그를 둘러싼 여러 국가의 정치적 상황 및 외교관계에 크게 좌우되었다. 티무르조의 샤루흐는 메카에 강한 영향력을 발휘하여 ‘두 성지의 보호자’로 자리매김했던 맘룩조와 우호관계를맺었고, 이를 통해 자국민이 순례를 허락받을 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 자국민에게 순례길의 안전 및 물자 제공을 보장하는공식 문서를 발급하였고, 그들이 메카에서 물자를 얻을 수 있도록 와크프 제도를 이용하여 자선을 베풀기도 하였다.
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the routes of pilgrims from the eastern Islamic world to Mecca in the 10th~14th centuries and the political factors that influenced them, and to examine what measures the Timurid, who controlled the eastern Islamic world in the 14th and 15th centuries, used to promote pilgrimage among their citizens. The pilgrimage of the eastern inhabitants of the Islamic world was highly dependent on the political situation and diplomatic relations between Mecca and the various countries surrounding it. Timurid Shahrukh exerted strong influence in Mecca and established friendly relations with the Mamluk Sultanate, which established itself as the “protector of the two Holy Cities,” and allowed its citizens to participate in the pilgrimage. Moreover, he issued official documents to his citizens guaranteeing their safety on the pilgrimage and the provision of supplies and gave alms using the Waqf system so that they could obtain supplies in Mecca.
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