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미국의 인구문제와 이민정책

Population Issues and Immigration Policy in the United States

장미야
사단법인 한국민족연구원 (Korea Research Center of Ethnology)|2021.09|민족연구 (Minjok Yeonku)|제78호|pp. 4-34|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35431/MINJOK.78.1

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참고문헌

키워드

고령화이민자Immigrant다양성AgingDiversity인구문제이민정책Immigration PolicyPopulation Problem
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

현재 미국의 인구의 고령화와 이민은 정책 입안자들이 직면하고 있는 주요과제이다. 세계 주요 국가 간의 상호의존도가 심화하고 있는 상황에서 세계인구고령화에 따른 파장은 미국도 예외일 수는 없다. 미국의 인구문제는 다른 선진국과 보편적인 특징을 공유하지만, 미국만의 독특한 특징을 드러내고 있다. 미국의고령화와 인구 감소는 이민자 집단이 노동력의 대체자로서 필요하다는 것을암시한다. 현재의 이민정책은 고령화 인구, 특히 노인들에게 장기서비스와 지원을 제공하는 노동력과 관련하여 잠재적으로 심각한 결과를 초래한다. 이에따라 인구의 고령화로 인한 노동력 부재 해소의 방안 검토가 절실하다. 장기요양을 담당할 인력 부족은 건강과 질병 관리 등 전반적으로 영향을 주고 있음으로부족한 인력을 관리하기 위한 이민정책에서 해답을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 본연구에서는 미국의 인구변동 동향과 특징, 이민정책의 과거와 현재를 살펴봄으로써 한국의 인구문제를 해결하기 위한 이민정책의 시사점을 도출한다.

Abstract

Currently, aging population and immigration in the United States are major challenges facing policymakers. The United States does not stand alone. In a world of interconnectedness, the United States has always been a nation of immigrants, and although it has struggled with each wave of new populations, it has benefited from these groups. The population problem in the United States shares universal characteristics with other developed countries, but reveals unique characteristics. The general response by most nation in the global aging sphere is to recruit foreign worker. Current immigration policy has potentially dire consequences for the aging population, particularly regarding the availability of direct care workers, who provide most long-term services to older adults. Therefore, the implications of immigration policy is to solve the population problem of Korea by looking at the connection between the population problems of the immigration countries with the United States.

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