湯王과 伊尹의 새로운 이야기: 淸華簡 『湯在啻門』의 역주

Abstract

This is an annotated translation of the Tang zai chimen 湯在啻門, which is included in Volume Five of the Qinghua Daxue Cang Zhanguo Zhujian 淸華大學藏戰國竹簡. The Tang zai chimen, which is composed of twenty one slips, contains a dialogue between King Tang 湯王 and his minister Yi Yin 伊尹. In the dialogue, King Tang asks Yi Yin for didatic sayings of past sage kings about cheng ren 成人, cheng bang 成邦, cheng di 成地 and cheng tian 成天, and Yi Yin responds with a moral lesson. Unlike the other four narratives associated with Yi Yin (the Yinzhi 尹至, the Yingao 尹誥, the Chihu zhi ji tang zhi wu 赤鵠之集湯之屋, the Tang chu yu Tangqiu 湯處於湯丘) included in the Qinghua Bamboo Slips, the Tang zai chimen's does not resemble any contents from transmitted texts and it demonstrates mixed features of the various schools of thought of the Warring States Period. Especially, many of the Chinese scholars say that traces of Daoism, Legalism, the Yin-Yang School, Confucianism, and Mohism in the Tang zai Chimen correspond to the characteristics of the Huang-Lao Daoism 黃老思想, which combined various thoughts of the Warring States Period. However, this study argues that the characteristics of the Huang-Lao Daoism are yet to be evident in the Tang zai Chimen when compared to the Huangdi Sijing 黃帝四經 in the Mawangdui Silk Manuscripts 馬王堆帛書 and Guanzi 管子. Thus, rather than defining the Tang zai Chimen as a literature of early Huang-Lao Daoism, this article views it as a literature that only includes discussions related to some parts of Huang-Lao Daoism.