訓民正音의 制字背景과 易學的 原理

Abstract

The Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been created under the political purpose that is to unite politics and cultures through a philosophical harmony of the confucianism as well as the Buddhism under the periodical circumstance that includes the change of a dynasty and a revolution in culture. The creating work has been greatly affected by the theoretical divination, that is the confucian ideas of North-Song dynasty which has been highly elaborated in those days. The shape of the characters of the Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been influenced by the ancient letters existing at the time (especially Ga-Rim-To 加臨多), it has been throughly readjusted and recreated based on the philosophy. The consonant uses the Three-Pillars(三才)(ᄋ, ᄆ, ᅀ) in the style of the five elements and each velar-lingual-labial-dental-guttural sounds (牙舌脣齒喉音) is applicable to five elements also a 'ᄋ' is equivalent to the heaven, a 'ᄆ' to the earth, a 'ᅀ' to the man. The vowel uses the five elements of ㅗ(water), ㅏ(wood), ㅜ(fire), ㅓ(metal), ·(five-soil), ㅡ(ten-soil) in the style of the Three-Pillars(三才) of ·, ㅡ, ㅣ and the first created letters(初出字), and the secondary created letters(再出字) each can be attached to the eight trigrams(八卦). The consonant has 17 letters and the vowel has 11 letters, therefore the total number of the letters is 28. and those are equivalent to the 28 constellation(二十八宿) of the astronomy. Contrary to the underlying principle that has been applied during the time of the creation of the letters, when the consonant and the vowel are used, the consonant refers to the heaven(天), and the vowel refers to the earth(地). a consonant take a part in making a point on the starting place of the pronounce, a vowel take a part in the keeping the energy to the end.