65세 이상 노인 환자에서 흉부외 수술 후 폐 합병증의 발생률 및 예측인자
Incidence and predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery in patients of 65 years old or more
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배경:최근 노인 환자의 수술 빈도가 증가함에 따라, 수술 후 폐 합병증이 수술 후 이환과 사망의 중요한 원인이 되고 있다. 방법:전신 마취 하에 흉부외 수술을 받은 65세 이상의 환자 206명을 대상으로 수술 후 폐 합병증의 발생률과 예측인자를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 수술 후 폐 합병증은 수술 후에 새로 발생한 무기폐, 폐렴, 폐색전증, 급성호흡부전으로 정의하였다. 결과:수술 후 폐 합병증의 발생률이 13.6%(28/266)이었다. 수술 후 폐 합병증의 유의한 예측인자는 기저 폐 질환(odds ratio, 3.2; p<0.01), 수술 전 2주 이내 상기도 감염(OR, 10.6; p<0.05), 상복부 절개 수술(OR, 4.9; p<0.001), 수술 시간이 3시간 이상(OR, 2.9; p<0.05), PaO2가 75 mmHg 미만(OR, 3.4; p<0.01), 폐포-동맥혈간 산소 분압차[D(A-a)O2]가 30 mmHg 이상(OR, 5.9; p<0.001), 혈청 알부민이 3.0 g/dL 이하였다(OR, 4.9; p<0.001). 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석 결과, 혈청 알부민이 3.0 g/dL 이하(OR, 8.0; p<0.01), 상복부 절개 수술(OR, 5.7; p<0.01), D(A-a)O2가 30 mmHg 이상(OR, 4.8; p<0.01), FEV1이 1.0 L 미만인 경우가(OR, 7.2; p<0.01) 수술 후 폐 합병증 발생의 독립적인 예측인자였다. 결론:노인 환자의 흉부외 수술의 경우 수술 전 폐기능 검사, 동맥혈 가스 검사와 혈청 알부민 측정이 수술 후 폐 합병증의 발생 위험이 높은 환자를 선별하는데 도움이 된다.
Abstract
Background:As number of the older patients for general elective surgery is increasing, postoperative pulmonary complications in the elderly are common and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications in 206 patients of 65 years old or more who underwent general elective nonthoracic surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were defined as newly developed atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism and acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation following surgery. Results:There were 28 (13.6%) postoperative pulmonary complications. Statistically significant predictors of pulmonary complications were as follows: underlying lung disease (odds ratio, 3.2; p<0.01), recent (within 2 weeks) upper respiratory tract infection (OR, 10.6; p<0.05), upper abdominal incision (OR, 4.9; p<0.001), duration of operation of 3 hours or more (OR, 2.9; p<0.05), a PaO2 of less than 75 mmHg (OR, 3.4; p<0.01), a alveolar-arterial oxygen difference [D(A-a)O2] of 30 mmHg or more (OR, 5.9; p<0.001), a serum albumin of 3.0 g/dL or less (OR, 4.9; p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed four preoperative clinical factors that are independently associated with pulmonary complications: a serum albumin of 3.0 g/dL or less (OR, 8.0; p<0.01), upper abdominal incision (OR, 5.7; p<0.01), a D(A-a)O2 of 30 mmHg or more (OR, 4.8; p<0.01), a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of less than 1.0L (OR, 7.2; p<0.01). Conclusion:Preoperative spirometry, blood gas analysis and measurement of serum albumin can identify those patients with high risk for pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery among the aged.
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