제2형 당뇨병 및 합병증과 맥파속도와의 관계
The relationship of type 2 diabetes and complications to pulse wave velocity
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목적 : 제2형 당뇨병 환자는 심혈관 질환의 위험도가 높으며, 당뇨병은 관동맥심질환과 동등한 위험으로 간주된다. 동맥의 경직도를 반영하는 맥파속도는 당뇨병 환자에서 동맥경화 뿐만 아니라 미세혈관 합병증을 예측하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 제2형 당뇨병 및 합병증과 맥파속도와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였으며, 특히 baPWV가 대동맥의 맥파속도와 견줄 만큼의 유용성이 있는가와 하지동맥의 맥파속도도 중심 대동맥의 맥파속도나 baPWV와 유사한 영향이 있는가를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 40~70대의 건강 검진자 및 제2형 당뇨병 환자 총 348명을 대상으로 하여 자동 파형분석기를 사용하여 hfPWV, faPWV, baPWV를 동시에 측정하고, 이들 맥파속도와 당뇨병 및 합병증(망막증, 알부민뇨증, 말초신경병증)과의 관계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 건강인군 및 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서 hfPWV, baPWV는 연령 및 혈압의 영향이 컸으나, faPWV는 특히 연령의 증가에 따른 변화가 미약하였다. 2) 40대 연령군의 당뇨병 환자군에서 hfPWV, faPWV, baPWV는 모두 합병증 유무에 따라 동일 연령군의 건강인군에 비하여 변화한 정도에 있어 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=NS). 그러나 50대 연령군의 당뇨병 환자군에서는 hfPWV, faPWV, baPWV는 변화한 정도에 있어 유의한 차이가 있었으며(모두 p<0.05), 특히 hfPWV와 baPWV는 증가한 정도의 차이가 현저하였다. 3) 합병증이 있는 당뇨병 환자군은 합병증이 없는 환자군에 비하여 hfPWV와 baPWV는 연령, 수축기 혈압, 성별을 보정한 상태에서 유의하게 증가하였다(모두 p<0.05). 그러나 faPWV는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=NS). 4) 당뇨병 환자에서 hfPWV는 망막증, 알부민뇨증 유무에 따라 연령, 수축기 혈압, 성별을 보정한 상태에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(모두 p<0.05). baPWV는 망막증, 알부민뇨증, 말초신경병증 유무에 따라 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(모두 p<0.05). 그러나 faPWV는 각각의 합병증 유무에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=NS). 결론 : 당뇨병 및 합병증이 맥파속도에 미치는 영향은 동맥분절에 따라 다르며, 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈관기능장애나 심혈관 위험을 평가하는데 있어 사지에서 간편하게 측정한 baPWV는 대동맥의 맥파속도에 견줄 만큼의 유용성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
Background : Pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects arterial stiffness and may represents an integrated index of vascular function. PWV may be useful to assess arterial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods : Using an automatic wave form analyzer, we measured heart-femoral (hf), femoral-ankle (fa) and brachial-ankle PWVs in 348 subjects aged 40~79 (174 healthy subjects and 174 type 2 diabetic patients). We analyzed the relations of diabetes and its complications (retinopathy, albuminuria, peripheral neuropathy) to PWVs. Results : In both healthy subjects and diabetic patients without complications, hfPWV and baPWV, but not faPWV, showed strong positive correlations with age and systolic blood pressure. In diabetic patients of the age group of 50s, but not the age group of 40s, hfPWV, faPWV and baPWV as percentage relative to the corresponding mean values of healthy subjects of the same age group differed significantly between patients with and without complications (p<0.05 for all). The difference in the magnitude of the percent increase was greater in hfPWV and baPWV compared with faPWV. Increased hfPWV and baPWV (p<0.05 for both), but not faPWV (p=NS), were associated with the presence of complications. Increased hfPWV was significantly associated with retinopathy and albuminuria (p<0.05 for both), while increased baPWV was significantly associated with retinopathy, albuminuria and peripheral neuropathy (p<0.05 for all). Conclusion : The impact of diabetes and complications on PWV is different among the arterial regions. When evaluating arterial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, baPWV could be useful, which is comparable to aortic PWV.
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