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논문KCI 등재

천식의 새로운 치료제들

Novel Drugs for Asthma Treatment: Immunomodulatory Therapy

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초록

천식의 병태 생리와 관련되어 개발되어 온 많은 신약제들은 천식의 증상 완화와 혈액과 객담의 염증 완화, 기도 재형성 억제등의 효과 등 긍정적 치료 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 몇몇 약제들인 약간의 폐기능 향상까지 보여주었으나 대부분 임상적 효과를 기대하기 어려운 미미한 수준이었다. 또한 개발된 많은 약제들 가운데 이러한 긍정적 효과를 증명한 약제보다는 임상적 효과가 별로 없거나 약한 경우가 대체로 더 많았다. 천식 및 알레르기 질환의 병인 기전은 넓지만 시도된 약제들이 특정 기전만을 목표로 하였기 때문에 목표에서 제외된 다른 기전들이 제어되지 않았기 때문일 것이다. 그리고 효과 여부를 떠나 개발에 투입된 막대한 투자비와 효과가 입증된 경우라 하더라도 고가 약제이기 때문에 실제 임상에서 사용이 쉽지 않다는 걸림돌이 존재한다. 우리가 이미 흔하게 사용하고 있는 스테로이드제제가 그 사용방법에 관계 없이 사용이 간편하고, 그다지 부작용이 많지 않고, 효과가 뛰어나며, 가격도 저렴하다는 점을 감안할 때, 이와 같은 고가의 약제 개발과 실험 및 기대에 못 미치는 효과는 다시 한번 냉철하게 짚어 볼 문제라 생각한다. 그러나 모든 치료에도 불구하고 심한 증상이 지속되는 중증 난치성 천식 환자들에서 증상 호전을 보였던 일부 결과는 향후 적어도 특정 환자군에 대해서는 이러한 신약제의 사용이 기본 치료 개념으로 확립될 것이라 예상된다. 더 나아가 모든 환자에게 각각 적합한 치료를 선택적으로 사용하고자 하다는 미래의 맞춤치료의 가능성을 보여주는 점이라 생각한다.

Abstract

The management of asthma focuses on the reduction of airway inflammation accompany with symptomatic care after recognition. Glucocorticosteroid is the most important drug to reduce airway inflammation, and it has been used inhaled, orally and systemically. New knowledge about the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma has made the development and clinical trial of target or immunomodulator therapy. It includes cytokine, cytokine blockers, specific cytokine receptor blocker, and immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides. These agents are thought to hold the promise for more beneficial outcomes in the future, although it showed limited therapeutic benefits only for patients, especially intractable or severe asthma, until now. (Korean J Med 2012;83:190-196)

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