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변비의 국소 치료: 관장과 좌약

Local Management of Constipation: Enemas, Suppositories

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주제분류내과학

초록

변비의 치료를 위해서는 이차적인 원인에 의한 증상은 아닌지, 장 통과 시간 지연이나 배변 기능 장애(defecatory dysfunction)와 같은 문제는 없는지에 대한 조사가 먼저 필요하다. 각 환자의 임상적 특징을 파악하여 장 통과 시간 지연에대한 치료를 시작할 경우 대개는 환자의 생활 습관 교정이나 섬유소 및 부작용이 거의 없는 완하제 치료부터 시작하지만, 배변 기능 장애(defecatory dysfunction)가 동반되어 있거나 환자의 상태에 따라서 관장이나 좌약의 사용이 필요할수 있다. 본고에서는 진료 현장에서 다양하게 접할 수 있는관장 및 좌약 치료의 올바른 사용법을 살펴보고 흔히 간과되었던 여러 가지 부작용이나 문제점들에 대해 정리해 보고자 한다.

Abstract

The treatment for constipation should be individualized and dependent on the cause, coexisting morbidities, and patient’s cognitivestatus. Although most cases of constipation respond to conservative treatment, including dietary and life-style changes, or mildlaxatives, some patients still complain of consistent symptoms and need an assessment of defecatory dysfunction. There is insufficientevidence to support the use of enemas in chronic constipation, although many clinicians and patients find them useful andeffective for the treatment of fecal impaction when used with other modalities. In addition, suppositories can be considered as an initialtrial for the treatment of defecatory dysfunction, since they help to initiate or facilitate rectal evacuation. The routine use of enemasis typically discouraged, especially sodium phosphate enemas, although tap-water enemas seem safe for more regular use. Soapsuds enemas are not recommended due to possible rectal mucosal damage.

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