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폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증의 역학과 병인

Epidemiology and Etiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

김진관|신철|윤대위
대한내과학회 (The Korean Association Of Internal Medicine)|2015.07|대한내과학회지 (The Korean Journal of Medicine)|제89권 제1호|pp. 6-12|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2015.89.1.6

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참고문헌

키워드

수면장애Cardiovascular diseasesSleep disordersEtiology심혈관계 질환Obstructive sleep apnea폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증발병기전
주제분류내과학

초록

본 논문에서는 최근의 연구결과들을 토대로 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 역학적 특성, 위험인자, 만성질환과의 연관성 및발병기전에 대해 살펴보았다. 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증은 매우흔한 수면장애로 심혈관계 질환, 대사성 질환, 신경학적 질환등 다양한 질환과 밀접히 연관되어 있으며 상기도의 해부학적 구조, 기도 이완근의 반응성, LG 등이 복합적인 양상으로폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증의 발생과 중증도에 영향을 미친다. 그러므로 수면 무호흡증은 다양한 병인으로 인해 발생하는 매우 흔한 증상임을 이해해야 하며 효과적인 치료를 위해서는다각적인 접근방식을 취할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of common sleep disorders in western countries, affecting 4% of males and 2% of females. It is characterized by repeated obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxemia, sympathetic activation, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is an independent risk factor for a range of medical problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and cognitive dysfunctions. The etiology of OSA is complex and incompletely understood, but recent studies have shown that the development of OSA depends on the structure of the airway anatomy, the responsiveness of the upper airway dilator muscle to stimulation, and the stability of the respiratory control system. This review details the epidemiological and experimental evidence surrounding the associations between OSA and chronic diseases. Recent findings on the etiology of OSA will also be discussed.

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