HIV 감염 예방의 최신 지견
Updates on Preventing HIV Infection
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초록
지난 30년간 HIV 감염의 예방에 있어서 많은 과학적 발전이 있어 왔다. 수많은 과학적 발전들을 HIV 감염의 예방에 적용해온 노력은 그 효과를 나타내고 있다. 전 세계적인 AIDS 의 범유행은 2000년대 후반에 이르러 비로소 조금씩 진정되어가는 기미를 보이고 있으며, UNAIDS 통계에 의하면 2009년 새로운 HIV 감염자의 발생이 1999년에 비해 19% 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. HIV 감염의 예방을 위한 노력은 한 가지 전략을 적용하는 것으로는 미흡하며, 여러 가지 전략을 동시 다발적으로 적용하는 것이 더 효과적이다. 최근에 개발된 의학적 예방법들을 국내에도 잘 적용한다면 HIV 감염을 더욱 효과적으로 예방할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
There are many evidence-based methods to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. This review describes recent updates on the prevention of HIV infection via sexual contact, mother-to-child transmission, and occupational exposure. The use of antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV has been a major accomplishment. Successful strategies for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV include the implementation of treatment for prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and microbicides. Mother-to-child HIV transmission can be minimized by screening and administering pre-, intra-, and postpartum prophylaxis. Adherence to universal precautions and post-exposure prophylaxis are effective preventive measures for occupational exposure. The implementation of prevention strategies based on scientific evidence should decrease the spread of this epidemic.
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