Ten-Year Trends of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Nutrient Intake among Korean Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study
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Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors for future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Only afew recent studies have reported the trend in the prevalence of MetS in youth. This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalenceof MetS and nutrient intake in the last 10 years and investigate the changes in MetS components among Korean childrenand adolescents. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the data of 9513 children and adolescents aged 10–19 years from the 2008–2017 KoreanNational Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diagnosis of MetS was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Results: Based on the IDF criteria, MetS prevalence increased from 1.53% in 2008 to 3.19% in 2017 (p=0.007). Based on the NCEPATPIII criteria, MetS prevalence increased from 2.18% in 2008 to 3.19% in 2017; however, the increase was not statistically significant. Daily calorie and fat intakes increased significantly during the study period. Among the risk factors that MetS comprises, theprevalence rates of central obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and high fasting glucose levels increased significantly. Conclusion: Over the last 10 years, the prevalence of MetS has grown significantly with increasing calorie and fat intake in Koreanchildren and adolescents. Central obesity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose levels have worsened. Therefore, active support and close monitoring are required to control MetS and prevent further increase in the prevalence of cardiovasculardiseases.
Abstract
Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors for future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Only afew recent studies have reported the trend in the prevalence of MetS in youth. This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalenceof MetS and nutrient intake in the last 10 years and investigate the changes in MetS components among Korean childrenand adolescents. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the data of 9513 children and adolescents aged 10–19 years from the 2008–2017 KoreanNational Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diagnosis of MetS was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. Results: Based on the IDF criteria, MetS prevalence increased from 1.53% in 2008 to 3.19% in 2017 (p=0.007). Based on the NCEPATPIII criteria, MetS prevalence increased from 2.18% in 2008 to 3.19% in 2017; however, the increase was not statistically significant. Daily calorie and fat intakes increased significantly during the study period. Among the risk factors that MetS comprises, theprevalence rates of central obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and high fasting glucose levels increased significantly. Conclusion: Over the last 10 years, the prevalence of MetS has grown significantly with increasing calorie and fat intake in Koreanchildren and adolescents. Central obesity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose levels have worsened. Therefore, active support and close monitoring are required to control MetS and prevent further increase in the prevalence of cardiovasculardiseases.
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