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Overview of Noncommunicable Diseases in Korean Children and Adolescents: Focus on Obesity and Its Effect on Metabolic Syndrome

이혜아|박혜숙
대한예방의학회 (The Korean Society For Preventive Medicine)|2013.07|예방의학회지 (Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health)|제46권 제4호|pp. 173-182

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참고문헌

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AdolescentsChildrenObesityMetabolic syndromeNoncommunicable diseases
주제분류예방의학/직업환경의학

초록

Obesity during childhood is a dominant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and is itself considered a disease that needs to be treated. Recently, the growth in childhood obesity in Korea has become stagnant; however, two in every ten children are still overweight. In addition, 60% or more of overweight children have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Thus, childhood obesity should be controlled through lifestyle modification. This paper reviews studies of the modifiable risk factors of obesity in Korean children. According to the life-course approach, preschool-aged children (<5 years) are influenced by their parents rather than individual habits because they are under mostly parental care. Elementary school-aged children (6 to 11 years) are affected by overlapping individual and parental effects. This may mean that the establishment of individual behavior patterns begins during this period. The conditions of poor eating habits such as skipping meals, eating out, and high fat intake, along with low physical activity, facilitate increased obesity among adolescents (12 to 18 years). Notably, adolescent girls show high rates of both underweight and obesity,which may lead to the development of NCDs in their offspring. Therefore, the problem of NCDs is no longer limited to adults, but is also prevalent among children. In addition, early intervention offers cost-effective opportunities for preventing NCDs. Thus, children need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of NCDs later in adulthood.

Abstract

Obesity during childhood is a dominant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and is itself considered a disease that needs to be treated. Recently, the growth in childhood obesity in Korea has become stagnant; however, two in every ten children are still overweight. In addition, 60% or more of overweight children have at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor. Thus, childhood obesity should be controlled through lifestyle modification. This paper reviews studies of the modifiable risk factors of obesity in Korean children. According to the life-course approach, preschool-aged children (<5 years) are influenced by their parents rather than individual habits because they are under mostly parental care. Elementary school-aged children (6 to 11 years) are affected by overlapping individual and parental effects. This may mean that the establishment of individual behavior patterns begins during this period. The conditions of poor eating habits such as skipping meals, eating out, and high fat intake, along with low physical activity, facilitate increased obesity among adolescents (12 to 18 years). Notably, adolescent girls show high rates of both underweight and obesity,which may lead to the development of NCDs in their offspring. Therefore, the problem of NCDs is no longer limited to adults, but is also prevalent among children. In addition, early intervention offers cost-effective opportunities for preventing NCDs. Thus, children need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of NCDs later in adulthood.

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Ten-Year Trends of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Nutrient Intake among Korean Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study권아름, 김재현, 김호성, 박성익, 서정환, 송경철, 오준석, 이혜선, 채현욱, 최영하, 최한샘연세대학교의과대학 · Yonsei Medical Journal2021 · 제62권 제4호청소년 대사증후군과 관련요인: 1998-2008년도 국민건강영양조사김재희, 이경란, 정종운대한예방한의학회 · 대한예방한의학회지2011 · 제15권 제1호Cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome based on severity of obesity in Korean children and adolescents: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018Kim Jaehyun, Kim Minseung대한소아내분비학회 · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism2022 · 제27권 제4호Gender and age differences in the prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in South KoreaDae Ryong Kang, Jihea Choi, Min Heui Yu, Sarah Choi, Tae Woong Yoon한국아동간호학회 · Child Health Nursing Research2021 · 제27권 제2호The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Children and Adolescents: Comparisons of the Criteria of Cook et al., Cruz and Goran, and Ferranti et al.서수진, 이승욱, 이효영연세대학교의과대학 · Yonsei Medical Journal2008 · 제49권 제4호The prevalence and prevention strategies of pediatric obesity: a narrative reviewMi Seon Lee영남대학교 의과대학 · Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science2024 · 제41권 제3호

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