임플란트의 형태가 초기 안정성에 미치는 영향
Influence of Implant Designs on Initial Stability
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초록
임플란트-골 계면상에 미세동요 없이 회복기를 가지는 것은 골융합을 위해서 필수적이다. 이를 위해 임플란트의 초기 안정성은 성공적인 예후를 위해서 중요한 요건이다. 충분한 골질과 골량은 임플란트의 초기 안정성과 조기 실패 방지를 위해 중요한 요소이지만, 임플란트가 갖는 외형적 특성이 초기 안정성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 임플란트의 형태가 초기 안정성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 골질에 따라 피질골과 해면골의 두께가 서로 다른 모형골에 straight body의 USⅡ, GSⅡ, SSⅡ system과 tapered body의 GSⅢ system (OSSTEM Implant Co., Seoul, Korea) 임플란트를 식립하고 식립 회전력과 공진 주파수 및 동요도를 측정하였다. 이번 실험에서 초기 안정성에 주요한 영향을 미치는 요소는 골질로 나타났다. 임플란트의 형태에 따라 이중 나사선을 가지는 GSⅡ 임플란트가 초기 안정성은 높게 나타났으며 tapered 한 임플란트가 straight 임플란트에 비해서 높은 초기 안정성을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 tapered 임플란트 식립 시 임플란트의 외형과 조화된 식립구를 형성하는 것이 피질골이 두꺼운 경우 피질골에 과도한 압축력을 감소시키고 반대의 경우 해면골로부터 좀 더 많은 골고정을 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
An undisturbed healing process without micromotion at the implant-bone interface is essential for achievement of osseointegration of dental implant. Therefore, initial stability was advocated as prerequisite for successful clinical outcome. Adequate bone quality and quantity were important to achieve initial stability and to prevent early failures. However there were few published data available regarding the effect of design change in implant geometry on initial stability of the implants. The purpose of the current study was to assess the initial stability of various designs of implants when placed into artificial bone materials of varying qualities and shapes of insertion holes. Within the scope of this study, the following results were drawn. Bone quality was major importance to achieve initial stability. Initial stability was higher on GSⅡ which had additional design feature of double thread. With a tapered design of implant such as GSⅢ showed a higher initial stability than straight one. An insertion hole with the similar shape of implant would lead to reduce a compression force on cortical bone and enhance a bone anchorage on cancellous bone.
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