서울지역 유통한약재의 중금속 함량 및 위해성 평가
The content and risk assessment of heavy metals in commercial herbal medicines Young Shin★, Sang-Hun Park, Seung-Hye Han, So-Hyun Park, Ji-Hye
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초록
2019~2021년 동안 서울지역에서 유통되는 한약재 209품목 4333건을 대상으로 ICP-MS와 수은분석기를 사용하여 유해 중금속인 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은의 함량을 조사하고, 약용부위와 원산지에 따라구분하여 위해성를 평가하였다. 부위별 평균함량(mg/kg)은 납은 0.123~1.290, 카드뮴은 0.018~0.131, 비소는 0.034~0.290, 수은은 0.003~0.015이었다. 납은 지상부위인 전초류와 엽류가 높았고(ANOVA-test, p < 0.05), 카드뮴은 엽류, 근(경)류, 등목류가 높았으며(ANOVA-test, p < 0.05), 14 품목에서 카드뮴 기준치를 초과하였다. 납과 카드뮴의 기준치를 초과한 시료는 각각 8, 22개였다. 비소는 엽류, 화류, 전초류에서, 수은은 엽류, 전초류, 등목류가 유의적인 수준(ANOVA-test, p < 0.05)에서 높았으나 기준을 초과한시료는 없었다. 원산지간 비교에서 카드뮴, 비소, 수은은 국산보다 수입한약재의 함량이 높았다(t-test, p < 0.05). 위해도 평가 결과, 납은 대부분의 시료에서 MOE 값이 1 이상으로 인체노출에 의한 우려는 낮았지만 국산 측백엽과 수입 부평이 각각 0.85, 0.17로 1 보다 낮았다. 카드뮴, 비소, 수은의 위해지수(HI) 는 각각의 중금속 위해도를 모두 더하여도 100% 이하로 평가되어 한약재 복용으로 인한 위해성은 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다.
Abstract
This study investigated the contents of Pb, Cd, A s, a nd H g for 4333 s amples with 2 09 types of herbal medicines distributed in Seoul area from 2019 to 2021, and evaluated risk assessment according to medicinal part used and origin. The contents of heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer. The average contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals by medicinal parts were 0.123 to 1.290 for Pb, 0.018 to 0.131 for Cd, 0.034 to 0.290 for As, and 0.003 to 0.015 for Hg. The contents of Pb were higher in Leaves and Whole Herbs (above-ground part) than underground part (Radix & Rhizoma) (ANOVA-test, p < 0.05). The contents of Cd were high in Leaves, Radix & Rhizoma, and Stems & Woods (ANOVA-test, p <0 .05), and exceeded regulatory limits in various types. Levels of Pb, Cd concentrations exceeding regulatory limits were observed in 8, 22 samples (8, 14 types). No sample exceeded regulatory limits of As and Hg. In the comparison between countries of origin, the contents of Cd, As, and Hg were high in imported herbal medicines (t-test, p < 0.05). As a result of the risk assessment, except for Thujae Orientalis Folium and Spirodelae Herba, the MOE values of Pb were all 1 or more, and most samples were safe. The Hazard Index (HI) for Cd, As, and Hg were evaluated to be less than 100 % even if the risk (%) of each heavy metal was added, and the risk from taking herbal medicines was evaluated to be safe.
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