Ferrocene-based glycan labeling for advanced glycomics and mass spectrometry
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Glycans, complex carbohydrates essential for numerous biological processes, present significant analytical challenges due to their structural complexity and microheterogeneity. This study introduces 4 aminophenyl ferrocenecarboxamide (APF) as a novel glycan labeling reagent designed to improve the sensitivity, stability, and separability of glycans in analytical workflows. Synthesized through the reaction of N-succinimidyl ferrocenecarboxylate and p-phenylenediamine, APF combines the electrochemical activity of ferrocene with the labeling efficacy of aromatic amines, enhancing hydrophobicity and facilitating separation. APF-labeled biantennary sialyl N-linked glycans were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), demonstrating increased mass, retention time, and distinct fragmentation patterns that enable detailed structural elucidation. The results highlight APF’s versatility in glycan profiling, offering improved performance across electrochemical, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric platforms. With potential applications in clinical diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic research, APF represents a significant advancement in glycomics, providing a robust and efficient tool for the analysis of complex glycans.
Abstract
Glycans, complex carbohydrates essential for numerous biological processes, present significant analytical challenges due to their structural complexity and microheterogeneity. This study introduces 4 aminophenyl ferrocenecarboxamide (APF) as a novel glycan labeling reagent designed to improve the sensitivity, stability, and separability of glycans in analytical workflows. Synthesized through the reaction of N-succinimidyl ferrocenecarboxylate and p-phenylenediamine, APF combines the electrochemical activity of ferrocene with the labeling efficacy of aromatic amines, enhancing hydrophobicity and facilitating separation. APF-labeled biantennary sialyl N-linked glycans were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), demonstrating increased mass, retention time, and distinct fragmentation patterns that enable detailed structural elucidation. The results highlight APF’s versatility in glycan profiling, offering improved performance across electrochemical, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric platforms. With potential applications in clinical diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic research, APF represents a significant advancement in glycomics, providing a robust and efficient tool for the analysis of complex glycans.