임플란트 디자인이 식립 회전력과 응력에 미치는 영향에 관한 삼차원 유한요소 분석
Effect of Implant Designs on Insertion Torque and Stress : Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
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본 연구에서는 임플란트 디자인이 주입회전력과 주변 응력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 삼차원 유한 요소 분석을 이용하여 유효 응력과 모멘트 그리고 축력을 측정, 비교 조사하였다. 나사형 임플란트 매식체의 디자인을 4종의 평행형과 7종의 근첨형으로 구분하였고 하악골 소구치 부위에 식립한 것으로 가정하여 유한 요소 모델을 제작하였다. 각각의 임플란트가 식립될 때 주변부에 발생하는 응력을 분석하였으며 그 결과 근첨형 임플란트가 평행형 임플란트에 비해 높은 식립 회전력을 보여 초기 고정력이 우수할 것으로 예상되었으나 응력 분산 측면에 있어서는 효율성이 낮은 양상을 나타내었다. 근첨형 임플란트에 비해 평행형 임플란트가 나사산의 높이에 따른 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났으며 근첨형 임플란트는 임플란트 몸체의 경사도가 증가함에 따라 높은 응력이 발생되는 것이 관찰되었다.
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the effect of implant designs on insertion torque and stress by performing a comparative study on von Mises stress, torque and normal force through a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and methods Models of the screw type implant were used to model the implant as a form placed in the mandibular premolar region applying a three-dimensional finite element method. Screw type implant designs were classified into 4 types of parallel ones and 7 types of tapered ones. Other factors were simulated to represent clinical environment. Results In parallel implant designs, higher and wider threads resulted in higher insertion torques and higher stress distributions. In tapered implant designs, changes in the taper led to remarkable differences in the insertion torques. It was difficult to determine a certain tendency of stress distribution around the implants since the stress level was too high around them. In tapered implant designs, smaller implants demonstrated lower insertion torques than the original type and were relatively less dependent on the degree of taper. Tapered implants showed higher insertion torques and higher stress distributions than parallel implants. Conclusion According to this study, although the tapered implant demonstrated a higher insertion torque than the parallel implant, stress tended to be concentrated in the entire fixture of the tapered implant due to the inefficient stress distribution.
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