‘개인’과 ‘집단’의 변증법: 1930년대 스탈린 체제의 신체문화 이미지를 중심으로
Dialectic between Individualism and Collectivism through the Image of Physical Culture in the 1930s of Soviet Russia
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This paper attempts to explain the reasons of conflicting physical culture images produced in Stalin’s regime. As to the policy of physical culture, Stalin’s regime was more tolerable to competitive sports, the result of which was to emphasize the role of sports heroes contributing greatly to the win of games. The physical culture images produced in this period depicted in various ways the importance of sports heroes as well as their attempts to transfer to other teams that provided them with more salary and privileges. Based on these kinds of images, the physical culture in Stalin’s time could be superficially interpreted as the complete rejection on the principle of physical culture, that was to cultivate the collective spirits through sports and leisure activities. Stalin’s regime, on the contrary, produced different kinds of physical culture images that promoted massive number of participants in sports and big parades helpful to raise the discipline and collective consciousness. By juxtaposing these images, Stalin’s regime did not surrender basic ideology of socialism, according to which the individual could fulfill dreams only in the context of collective will. Stalin’s regime needed another physical culture images that could reconcile the individual and collective. It was the image of leader Stalin, through whom the individual and collective both could achieve objects thanks to his leadership. Stalin’s image in the physical culture was a mediator that absolved the conflicting physical culture images in the 1930s
Abstract
This paper attempts to explain the reasons of conflicting physical culture images produced in Stalin’s regime. As to the policy of physical culture, Stalin’s regime was more tolerable to competitive sports, the result of which was to emphasize the role of sports heroes contributing greatly to the win of games. The physical culture images produced in this period depicted in various ways the importance of sports heroes as well as their attempts to transfer to other teams that provided them with more salary and privileges. Based on these kinds of images, the physical culture in Stalin’s time could be superficially interpreted as the complete rejection on the principle of physical culture, that was to cultivate the collective spirits through sports and leisure activities. Stalin’s regime, on the contrary, produced different kinds of physical culture images that promoted massive number of participants in sports and big parades helpful to raise the discipline and collective consciousness. By juxtaposing these images, Stalin’s regime did not surrender basic ideology of socialism, according to which the individual could fulfill dreams only in the context of collective will. Stalin’s regime needed another physical culture images that could reconcile the individual and collective. It was the image of leader Stalin, through whom the individual and collective both could achieve objects thanks to his leadership. Stalin’s image in the physical culture was a mediator that absolved the conflicting physical culture images in the 1930s
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