Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In a previous study, we reported our discovery of Acanthamoeba contamination in domestic tap water; in that study, we determined that some Acanthamoeba strains harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, via our molecular characterization by mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mt DNA RFLP). Five (29.4%) among 17 Acanthamoeba isolates contained endosymbionts in their cytoplasm, as demonstrated via orcein staining. In order to estimate their pathogenicity, we conducted a genetic characterization of the endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water via 16S rDNA sequencing. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP3 and KA/WP4 evidenced the highest level of similarity, at 97% of the recently published 16S rDNA sequence of the bacterium, Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP8 and KA/WP12 shared a 97% sequence similarity with each other, and were also highly similar to Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis, a member of the a-proteobacteria. The endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP9 exhibits a high degree of similarity (85-95%) with genus Methylophilus, which is not yet known to harbor any endosymbionts. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, to show that Methylophilus spp. can live in the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba.
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported our discovery of Acanthamoeba contamination in domestic tap water; in that study, we determined that some Acanthamoeba strains harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, via our molecular characterization by mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mt DNA RFLP). Five (29.4%) among 17 Acanthamoeba isolates contained endosymbionts in their cytoplasm, as demonstrated via orcein staining. In order to estimate their pathogenicity, we conducted a genetic characterization of the endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water via 16S rDNA sequencing. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP3 and KA/WP4 evidenced the highest level of similarity, at 97% of the recently published 16S rDNA sequence of the bacterium, Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP8 and KA/WP12 shared a 97% sequence similarity with each other, and were also highly similar to Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis, a member of the a-proteobacteria. The endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP9 exhibits a high degree of similarity (85-95%) with genus Methylophilus, which is not yet known to harbor any endosymbionts. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, to show that Methylophilus spp. can live in the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba.
참고문헌 (33)
- Schuster FL, "Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals", Int J Parasitol, 34, pp.1001~1027 (2004)
- Miltner EC, "Mycobacterium avium grown in Acanthamoeba castellanii is protected from the effects of antimicrobials", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 44, pp.1990~1994 (2000)
- Abd H, "Vibrio cholerae O1 strains are facultative intracellular bacteria, able to survive and multiply symbiotically inside the aquatic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii", FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 60, pp.33~39 (2007)
- Ly TM, "Ingested Listeria monocytogenes survive and multiply in protozoa", J Med Microbiol, 33, pp.51~54 (1990)
- Neumeister B, "Intracellular multiplication of Legionella species and the influence of amoebae on their intracellular growth in human monocytes: mono mac 6 cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii as suitable in vitro models", Methods Mol Biol, 268, pp.141~151 (2004)
- Landers P, "Survival and growth of Burkholderia cepacia within the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga", Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 19, pp.121~123 (2000)
- Tenant R, "Mycobacterium avium genes upregulated upon infection of Acanthamoeba castellanii demonstrate a common response to the intracellular environment", Curr Microbiol, 52, pp.128~133 (2006)
- Abd H, "Vibrio cholerae O139 requires neither capsule nor LPS O side chain to grow inside Acanthamoeba castellanii", J Med Microbiol, 58, pp.125~131 (2009)
- Cirillo JD, "Interaction of Mycobacterium avium with environmental amoebae enhances virulence", Infect Immun, 65, pp.3759~3767 (1997)
- Barker J, "Intraphagocytic growth induces an antibiotic-resistant phenotype of Legionella pneumophila", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp.2684~2688 (1995)
- Zhou X, "Interactions between the environmental pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and a free-living protozoan (Acanthamoeba castellanii)", Environ Microbiol, 9, pp.913~922 (2007)
- Fritsche TR, "Occurrence of bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from corneal and environmental specimens and contact lenses", J Clin Microbiol, 31, pp.1122~1126 (1993)
- Birtles RJ, "Phylogenetic diversity of intra-amoebal legionellae as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison", Microbiology, 142, pp.3525~3530 (1996)
- Corsaro D, "Novel Chlamydiales strains isolated from a water treatment plant", Environ Microbiol, 11, pp.188~200 (2009)
- Beier CL, "The genus Caedibacter comprises endosymbionts of Paramecium spp. related to the Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) and to Francisella tularensis (Gammaproteobacteria)", Appl Environ Microbiol, 68, pp.6043~6050 (2002)
- Horn M, "Novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the Paramecium caudatum symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus", Environ Microbiol, 1, pp.357~367 (1999)
- Jeong HJ, "Acanthamoeba: keratopathogenicity of isolates from domestic tap water in Korea", Exp Parasitol, 117, pp.357~367 (2007)
- 정해진, "The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 43(2), pp.1~13 (2005), 대한기생충학회
- Yu HS, "Genetic analyses of Acanthamoeba isolates from contact lens storage cases of students in Seoul", Korean J Parasitol, 39, pp.161~170 (2001)
- Chung DI, "Subgenus classification of Acanthamoeba by riboprinting", Korean J Parasitol, 36, pp.69~80 (1998)
- Altschul SF, "Basic local alignment search tool", J Mol Biol, 215, pp.403~410 (1990)
- Thompson JD, "The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools", Nucleic Acids Res, 25, pp.4876~4882 (1997)
- Horn M, "Members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium- Bacteroides phylum as intracellular bacteria of acanthamoebae: proposal of ‘Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus’", Environ Microbiol, 3, pp.440~449 (2001)
- Stothard DR, "The evolutionary history of the genus Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types", J Eukaryot Microbiol, 45, pp.45~54 (1998)
- Horn M, "Bacterial endosymbionts of free-living amoebae", J Eukaryot Microbiol, 51, pp.509~514 (2004)
- Chung DI, "Bacterial endosymbiosis within the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis isolated from a contact lens storage case", Korean J Parasitol, 35, pp.127~133 (1997)
- 유학선, "Natural occurrence of Mycobacterium as an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba isolated from a contact lens storage case", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 45(1), pp.11~18 (2007), 대한기생충학회
- Birtles RJ, "Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis’ gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate intracellular parasite of Acanthamoeba species", Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 50, pp.63~72 (2000)
- Hall J, "Bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp", J Parasitol, 71, pp.89~95 (1985)
- Jenkins O, "Methylophilus: a new genus of methanol- utilizing bacteria", Int J Syst Bacteriol, 37, pp.446~448 (1987)
- Bergey DH, "Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 9th ed." (1994), Williams & Wilkins
- Steinert M, "Mycobacterium avium bacilli grow saprozoically in coculture with Acanthamoeba polyphaga and survive within cyst walls", Appl Environ Microbiol, 64, pp.2256~2261 (1998)
- Hay J, "Non-culturable Legionella pneumophila associated with Acanthamoeba castellanii: detection of the bacterium using DNA amplification and hybridization", J Appl Bacteriol, 78, pp.61~65 (1995)