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목표-성과 관계에 미치는 자기효능감의 차별적 조절효과

The Differential Moderating Role of Self-efficacy in the Relationship between Goal Setting and Performance

임창희
한국산업경영학회 (Korean Association Of Industrial Business Administrarion)|2004.08|경영연구 (Journal of Business Research)|제19권 제3호|pp. 215-240

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참고문헌

키워드

조절효과Moderating Effect자기효능감Self-efficacy목표설정Goal SettingPerformance GoalLearning Goal
주제분류경영학

초록

목표설정이 성과향상에 영향을 미치기는 하지만 개인적 능력이나 특성에 따라서 그 영향력의 크기가 다르다는 연구가 많았다. 그 중에서도 자기효능감의 조절역할이 최근에 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 그러나 자기효능감의 긍정적 조절역할에 대해 언제나 일관성 있는 연구결과를 보이는 것은 아니며 오히려 미약한 조절기능이나 심지어 최근에는 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 경우도 보고되고 있다.본 연구는 두 가지 사실을 밝힌다. 첫째는 목표설정을 크게 학습목표와 성과목표로 구분하여 볼 때 전자가 후자보다 성과에 더 큰 영향을 미친다는 사실을 밝힌다. 둘째는 목표-성과와의 관계에서 자기효능감이 조절역할을 할 때 각기 다르게 작용한다는 사실을 밝힌다. 즉, 학습목표의 경우는 자기효능감이 조절역할을 하지만 성과목표의 경우는 조절효과가 거의 없다는 점이다.본 연구를 위해 조직행동 수강신청 학생 253명의 표본을 대상으로 한 설문응답자료를 분석하여 단계별 다중회귀분석 등으로 가설을 입증하였다. 이로써 본 연구는 목표설정이 성과에 영향을 미친다든지, 그 관계에서 자기효능감이 조절을 한다는 단순한 주장들은 목표의 형태가 무엇이냐에 따라서 새롭게 정리되어야 한다는 새로운 실증조사 결과를 얻었다.

Abstract

Although a number of studies have found a positive interaction effect of goal setting and self-efficacy on job Performance, the author argues that whether the goal setting is adaptive or non adaptive to self-efficacy depends on the types goal setting. Consistent with previous research, learning goal setting was more positively related to outcome variables than performance goal setting. And the interaction of the two types goal setting and self-efficacy supported our hypotheses : Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between learning goal setting and job performance, but self-efficacy dose not moderate the relationship. As expected, learning goal setting was generally adaptive to performance for high self-efficacy individuals but had no effect for low self-efficacy individuals. In contrast, the effect of performance goal setting were not contingent on both individuals' level of self-efficacy. The meaningful values and implications of these findings are discussed.

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