산업클러스터 내 기업의 사회적 자본, 지식활동 그리고 성과의 관계
The Relationship of Social Capital, Knowledge Activity and Performance on Corporate in Industrial Cluster
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본 연구는 산업클러스터 내의 기업을 대상으로, 지식활동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 사회적 자본을 고찰하고 사회적 자본과 지식활동 그리고 성과의 관계를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 첫째, 산업클러스터에 대한 기존의 연구를 검토하고 클러스터의 하나의 주체로서 개별기업의 경쟁우위 창출이라는 관점에서의 연구의 필요성을 설명하고 그 방향을 제시한다. 둘째, 기업 경쟁우위 창출과 유지에 있어서 지식활동과 이에 영향을 미치는 사회적 자본에 대한 선행연구의 검토를 통해 연구모형과 실증분석을 위한 가설을 도출한다. 셋째, 산업클러스터, 특히 경남지역의 산업클러스터 내의 기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 가설을 검증하고 그 결과를 바탕으로 사회적 자본과 지식창출 그리고 성과의 관계에 대한 이론적 함의와 실무적 시사점, 특히 개별 기업의 경쟁력 창출 관점에서 본 산업클러스터의 바람직한 방향을 제안하고자 한다. 연구 결과, 사회적 자본이 지식활동 수준에 통계적으로 유의한 정의 영향을 미치고, 지식활동 수준은 기업의 재무성과와 비재무성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기업의 지속적 성장의 원천은 사회적 자본의 형성을 바탕으로 지식활동의 수준을 높이는 것이며, 바람직한 산업클러스터는 개별 기업의 이러한 활동을 촉진시키고 조장하는데 도움이 되는 방향으로 육성되어야 할 필요성을 추론할 수 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to define the relationship among the social capital, knowledge activity and performance of the corporate in industrial cluster. All of the studies about industrial cluster has been focused the point of the national or regional competitive advantage. But, this paper define a corporate operating in the cluster have a more advantage to achieve the good performance. To achieve this purpose, the paper survey the theoretical background on the industrial cluster, social capital, knowledge activity and performance, and develop the research model and hypotheses to testify the relationship empirically. Social capital conform of three dimension, relational dimension, structural dimension and cognitive dimension. The framework devoted to the strategic assessment of social capital can also be a great help in the analysis of other types. Besides, it would be a good roadmap in studying the relations between elements that conform the social capital and elements of the knowledge activity. According to the results, the paper found evidences that the three sub-factors of the social capital affect positively to the knowledge activities, and the level of knowledge activities affect positively to the financial performance and non-financial performance. This result imply the importance of social capital to stimulate knowledge activities and to sustain competitive advantage of the corporate. At the least of the boundaries of this study, further research in this stream would strengthen a prescriptive theory about social capital and knowledge management, in the search for gaining sustainable competitive advantage.
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