치과용 세라믹의 파단면분석(fractography)에 대한 문헌고찰
Literature review on fractography of dental ceramics
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초록
치과용 세라믹의 파절실험 후 파절이 발생한 원인을 분석하면 세라믹의 임상적용 가능성을 높일 수 있다. 파절원인을 파악하기 위한 파단면분석은 주사전자현미경 등 영상기술의 발달로 점차 널리 적용되고 있는데 이를 정확히 해석하기 위해서는 실험조건 설정이 중요하다. 파절시편이 오염되지 않도록 보관하고 세척하며, 관찰을 위해 금속 전처리가 필요하다. 파절은 양상에 따라 주로 금속에서 관찰되는 보조개모양 파절, 열개, 분리파손 및 세라믹에서 관찰되는 피로파절과 조가비 모양 파절이 있다. 세라믹의 주된 파절원인인 피로파절을 실험실에서 재현하기 위해 느린 균열성장을 관찰할 수 있는동적 하중이 필수적이며 하중조건과 하중횟수 등을 적절히 설정해야 한다. 세라믹의 파단면에서 나타나는 대표적인 특징은 해클이며 다양한 해클의 형태를 잘 관찰하여 세라믹 파절의 원인과 과정을 분석할 수 있도록 하는 것이 필요하다. 파단면분석은 치과용 세라믹의 파절을 심층적으로 파악할 수 있는 유용한 방법이므로 정확한 실험과정을 따르고 결과해석에 유의해야 한다.
Abstract
The clinical applicability of ceramics can be increased by analyzing the causes of fractures after fracture testing of dental ceramics. Fractography to analyze the cause of fracture of dental ceramics is being widely applied with the development of imagingtechnologies such as scanning electron microscopy. Setting the experimental conditions is important for accurate interpretation. The fractured specimens should be stored and cleaned to avoid contamination, and metal pretreatment is required for betterobservation. Depending on the type of fracture, there are dimple rupture, cleavage, and decohesive rupture mainly observedin metals, and fatigue fractures and conchoidal fractures observed in ceramics. In order to reproduce fatigue fracture in thelaboratory, which is the main cause of fracture of ceramics, a dynamic loading for observing slow crack growth is essential, and theload conditions and number of loads must be appropriately set. A typical characteristic of a fracture surface of ceramic is a hackle,and the causes of fracture vary depending on the shape of hackle. Fractography is a useful method for in-depth understanding offractures of dental ceramics, so it is necessary to follow the exact experimental procedure and interpret the results with caution.
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