노사학파 마음 주재(主宰)에 관한 일고(一考)－기정진과 정재규의 논의를 중심으로

Abstract

Nosa Ki Jeongjin (1798~1879) critically analyzed Yulgok's theory of "The frame moves itself without being ordered by others.” from his point of view, and strongly advocated Li's presiding over Ki in his Oepil (Daring Writing). Nobaekheon Jeong Jaegyu(1843-1911) wrote Oepilbyeonbyeon (Critique of Critique of the Daring Writing) to defend the theory of his teacher, and to criticize Ganjae Jeonwoo(1841-1922). In the process of arguing with Jeonwoo, Jung Jaekyu emphasized Li’s strong presiding over Ki, and shifted his eyes to "mind" that his teacher did not pay much attention to, and developed the teaching of his teacher in a more expanded horizon. In this paper, I tried to research the theories of Ki Jeongjin and Jeong Jaegyu under the issue of "the superintendence of mind." When Jeong Jaegyu discussed the issue, he also focused on the matter of “human nature is the principle while human mind is the energy flow.” which is one of the main propositions of the Yulgok School. If Ki Jungjin's work mainly dealt with the matter of Li-Ki, Jeong Jaegyu's could be said to have comprehensively examined the major propositions of Yulgok School. As a result, Jeong Jaegyu discussed in more detail the relationship between mind and nature and the origin of the superintendence of mind, Shinmyeong, which were already discussed within the Uam School in the 17th century. In particular, he particularly highlighted the necessity for us to explore Shin(神) in order to comprehend the human mind. We can have a glimpse of his thoughts from questions and answers he shared with his disciples with regard to the issue even though Ki Jungjin did not knuckle down to the matter of superintendence of mind. He divided mind and nature into Way and Artifact relationships and made it clear that the ability to preside is in the mind, not in the nature. He also did not deny Shin’s connection with Li by saying that Shin is Li's mysterious part, but at the same time did not miss out on its close connection with Ki by calling Shin as the Spirit of Ki. On the other hand, Jeong Jaegyu saw that mind would lose its ability to superintend if it falls to the level of artifact. Therefore, he upgraded the mind to the level of Li and argued mind and nature as one. He also elevated Shin to the same level as Li by pointing out that without Shin, Li could not be completely itself, and that Shin could not be separated from Ki, but could not be mixed. It can be concluded that Jeong Jaegyu carried out Ki Jungjin’s Li-centered Li-ki theory in the dimension of mind.