Oxaloacetate reduces emotional symptoms in premenstrual syndrome (PMS): results of a placebocontrolled, cross-over clinical trial
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ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects millions of women. While over-the-counter products have helped with thephysical symptoms of PMS, emotional symptoms have been less well supported. The objective of this trial was tomeasure the effect of an oxaloacetate/vitamin C combination on the major emotional symptoms of PMS, includingdepression, anxiety, perceived stress, aggression, and suicidal ideation. MethodsForty-eight women experiencing PMS completed a baseline survey comprising the Beck’s Depression Inventory, CohenPerceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. After baselinemeasurements, participants were randomly assigned to take either 2 capsules of 100 mg oxaloacetate/150 mg ascorbicacid, or 2 capsules of rice flour (placebo) for their entire menstrual cycle. At menstruation, the women completed the4 surveys again. The women then switched capsules in a cross-over design and continued the study for an additionalmenstrual cycle. The final assessment was repeated at menstruation. Statistical analysis of the 4 surveys was performedto examine efficacy. ResultsOxaloacetate/vitamin C supplementation during PMS significantly improved depression, perceived stress, anxiety,aggression, and suicidal ideation. The mean improvement in depression was 54.1%, 35.8% for perceived stress,51.43% for generalized anxiety, and 17.8% for aggression. Suicidal ideation was reduced by 47.9%. All results werehighly significant. ConclusionA combination of oxaloacetate and vitamin C supplementation helped to alleviate depression, anxiety, perceivedstress, aggression, and suicidal ideation symptoms associated with PMS. Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: NCT03509714
Abstract
ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects millions of women. While over-the-counter products have helped with thephysical symptoms of PMS, emotional symptoms have been less well supported. The objective of this trial was tomeasure the effect of an oxaloacetate/vitamin C combination on the major emotional symptoms of PMS, includingdepression, anxiety, perceived stress, aggression, and suicidal ideation. MethodsForty-eight women experiencing PMS completed a baseline survey comprising the Beck’s Depression Inventory, CohenPerceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test, and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. After baselinemeasurements, participants were randomly assigned to take either 2 capsules of 100 mg oxaloacetate/150 mg ascorbicacid, or 2 capsules of rice flour (placebo) for their entire menstrual cycle. At menstruation, the women completed the4 surveys again. The women then switched capsules in a cross-over design and continued the study for an additionalmenstrual cycle. The final assessment was repeated at menstruation. Statistical analysis of the 4 surveys was performedto examine efficacy. ResultsOxaloacetate/vitamin C supplementation during PMS significantly improved depression, perceived stress, anxiety,aggression, and suicidal ideation. The mean improvement in depression was 54.1%, 35.8% for perceived stress,51.43% for generalized anxiety, and 17.8% for aggression. Suicidal ideation was reduced by 47.9%. All results werehighly significant. ConclusionA combination of oxaloacetate and vitamin C supplementation helped to alleviate depression, anxiety, perceivedstress, aggression, and suicidal ideation symptoms associated with PMS. Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: NCT03509714
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