Relationship between Telomere Maintenance and Liver Disease
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Previous studies have established a correlation between increasing chronological age and risk of cirrhosis. This pattern raised interest in the role of telomeres and the telomerase complex in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current understanding of telomere regulation in hepatocytes and lymphocytes and how this ultimately relates to the development of liver fibrosis. Notably, in chronic viral hepatitis, telomere shortening in hepatocytes and lymphocytes occurs in such a way that may promote further viral replication while also leading to liver damage. However, while telomere shortening occurs in both hepatocytes and lymphocytes and ultimately results in cellular death, the mechanisms of telomere loss appear to be initiated by independent processes. The understanding of telomere maintenance on a hepatic and immune system level in both viral and non-viral etiologies of cirrhosis may open doors to novel therapeutic strategies.
Abstract
Previous studies have established a correlation between increasing chronological age and risk of cirrhosis. This pattern raised interest in the role of telomeres and the telomerase complex in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review aims to summarize and analyze the current understanding of telomere regulation in hepatocytes and lymphocytes and how this ultimately relates to the development of liver fibrosis. Notably, in chronic viral hepatitis, telomere shortening in hepatocytes and lymphocytes occurs in such a way that may promote further viral replication while also leading to liver damage. However, while telomere shortening occurs in both hepatocytes and lymphocytes and ultimately results in cellular death, the mechanisms of telomere loss appear to be initiated by independent processes. The understanding of telomere maintenance on a hepatic and immune system level in both viral and non-viral etiologies of cirrhosis may open doors to novel therapeutic strategies.
참고문헌 (33)
- Scaglione S, "The epidemiology of cirrhosis in the United States : a population-based study", J Clin Gastroenterol, 49, pp.690~696 (2015)
- Yim HJ, "Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection:what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005", Hepatology, 43(2 Suppl1), pp.S173~S181 (2006)
- Poynard T, "Rates and risk factors of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C", J Hepatol, 34, pp.730~739 (2001)
- Blackburn EH, "Switching and signaling at the telomere", Cell, 106, pp.661~673 (2001)
- Evans SK, "Telomeres and telomerase : at the end, it all comes together", Trends Cell Biol, 9, pp.329~331 (1999)
- Shammas MA, "Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging", Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 14, pp.28~34 (2011)
- Verma S, "Sustained telomere length in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with increasing age in normal liver", Hepatology, 56, pp.1510~1520 (2012)
- von Zglinicki T, "Oxidative stress shortens telomeres", Trends Biochem Sci, 27, pp.339~344 (2002)
- Sasaki M, "Frequent cellular senescence in small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis : a possible role in bile duct loss", J Pathol, 205, pp.451~459 (2005)
- Al-Issa K, "Short telomere syndrome and fibrosis", QJM, 109, pp.125~126 (2016)
- Carulli L, "Synchronous cryptogenic liver cirrhosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : a clue to telomere involvement", Hepatology, 56, pp.2001~2003 (2012)
- Carulli L, "Telomere shortening as genetic risk factor of liver cirrhosis", World J Gastroenterol, 21, pp.379~383 (2015)
- Carulli L, "Telomere and telomerase in chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinoma", World J Gastroenterol, 20, pp.6287~6292 (2014)
- Wiemann SU, "Hepatocyte telomere shortening and senescence are general markers of human liver cirrhosis", FASEB J, 16, pp.935~942 (2002)
- Marshall A, "Relation between hepatocyte G1 arrest, impaired hepatic regeneration, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection", Gastroenterology, 128, pp.33~42 (2005)
- Aravinthan A, "Hepatocyte expression of the senescence marker p21 is linked to fibrosis and an adverse liver-related outcome in alcohol-related liver disease", PLoS One, 8, pp.e72904~ (2013)
- Aravinthan A, "Hepatocyte senescence predicts progression in non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease", J Hepatol, 58, pp.549~556 (2013)
- Tachtatzis PM, "Chronic hepatitis B virus infection : the relation between hepatitis B antigen expression, telomere length, senescence, inflammation and fibrosis", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0127511~ (2015)
- Satra M, "Telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with chronic HBV and HCV infections", J Viral Hepat, 12, pp.488~493 (2005)
- Miura N, "Progressive telomere shortening and telomerase reactivation during hepatocellular carcinogenesis", Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 93, pp.56~62 (1997)
- Nakajima T, "Premature telomere shortening and impaired regenerative response in hepatocytes of individuals with NAFLD", Liver Int, 26, pp.23~31 (2006)
- Vodkin I, "Editorial: NAFLD in HIV infection--call for action. Authors’ reply", Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 41, pp.591~ (2015)
- Alves-Paiva RM, "Telomerase enzyme deficiency promotes metabolic dysfunction in murine hepatocytes upon dietary stress", Liver Int, 38, pp.144~154 (2018)
- Bellon M, "Telomere dynamics in immune senescence and exhaustion triggered by chronic viral infection", Viruses, 910, pp.E289~ (2017)
- Plunkett FJ, "The flow cytometric analysis of telomere length in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during acute Epstein-Barr virus infection", Blood, 97, pp.700~707 (2001)
- Bellon M, "Regulation of telomerase and telomeres : human tumor viruses take control", J Natl Cancer Inst, 100, pp.98~108 (2008)
- Hoare M, "CD4+ T-lymphocyte telomere length is related to fibrosis stage, clinical outcome and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C virus infection", J Hepatol, 53, pp.252~260 (2010)
- Hoare M, "Gamma-H2AX+CD8+ T lymphocytes cannot respond to IFN-alpha, IL-2 or IL-6 in chronic hepatitis C virus infection", J Hepatol, 58, pp.868~874 (2013)
- Sampson MJ, "Monocyte telomere shortening and oxidative DNA damage in type 2 diabetes", Diabetes Care, 29, pp.283~289 (2006)
- Aravinthan AD, "Telomere, telomerase and liver disease", Liver Int, 38, pp.33~34 (2018)
- Rey S, "Liver damage and senescence increases in patients developing hepatocellular carcinoma", J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 32, pp.1480~1486 (2017)
- Kang TW, "Senescence surveillance of premalignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development", Nature, 479, pp.547~551 (2011)
- Tzeng HT, "PD-1 blockage reverses immune dysfunction and hepatitis B viral persistence in a mouse animal model", PLoS One, 7, pp.e39179~ (2012)
