국제기구의 중국·베트남 시장경제법제개혁 지원사례: 북한 적용과 시사점
International Institutions’ Legal Assistance on Market Economy for China and Vietnam: Application and Implications for North Korea
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이 글은 사회주의 체제전환국가들의 시장경제법제 구축을 지원했던 국제기구(국제금융기구, UNDP)를 중심으로 중국 및 베트남의 시장경제법제 도입및 실행 경험들을 검토하고, 이를 토대로 북한이향후 시장경제법제를 본격적으로 도입하려 할 경우 고려할 만한 요소들, 법제개혁 방향, 속도 및 범위, 국제기구와의 관계 형성 방안 등을 예측하고제시해보았다. 세계은행 등 국제기구의 중국, 베트남에 대한 법제개혁지원 경험은 경제발전과 법의 지배 원칙 간의 관계를 압축적으로 보여주면서 중국, 베트남의경험을 어떻게 북한에 적용해야 되는지에 대해서도 주요한 시사점과 교훈을 제공하고 있다. 여기서유의할 대목은 북한의 시장경제법제 구축과 관련한 국제기구와의 협력 모델은 북한의 체제전환 의지와 수준, 내부 정치적 합의 정도, 남북관계, 북한과 국제사회와의 협력 수준 등에 따라 달라질 것이라는 점이다. 북한에서 본격적인 시장경제 제도로의 전환이시작되면 원활한 작동을 뒷받침하기 위해 포괄적인 법제개혁이 반드시 필요할 것이다. 물론 북한체제의 특수성을 고려하면 단기적으로 포괄적인법제개혁을 추진하기는 어려울 것으로 예상되지만중장기적으로 베트남이 경험했던 방식을 따라갈수밖에 없을 것으로 전망된다. 따라서 단기적으로중국처럼 정치적으로 민감한 파산법, 사법제도 등의 도입은 어려울 것으로 예상되며, 다만 경제발전에 따라 시장경제제도가 발전되면서 중장기적으로는 사회주의 법치국가 완성을 위한 포괄적인 법제구축이 이뤄질 것으로 예상할 수 있다.
Abstract
The paper provides a case study on how the socialist states such as China and Vietnam established market economy laws during their transition period. During the first stage of adopting the market economy system, both China and Vietnam had been supported by international institutions such as World Bank and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Examining previous experience that China and Vietnam had been through, the paper suggests how North Korea could adopt and apply market economy laws. It also examines legal reform directions, the pace and range of the reforms, the way to improve relation between the North Korean government and the international institutions. A example of how the international institutions supported legal reforms of China and Vietnam well reflects connection between economic development and rule of law. How to apply the case of China and Vietnam into North Korean system also offers an important implications and lessons for North Korea. Important part is that North Korea’s establishment of market economy laws backed by the international institutions will be largely depended on North Korea’s willingness of the change, degree of agreement on internal political affairs, the two Korea’s relations, situation between North Korean and international society, etc. It is clear that once North Korea begins to transform into market economy, an comprehensive legal reforms are also required. Considering North Korea’s unique system,there is a limitation existed to pursuit legal reforms in a short time period in North Korea,yet it is expected that North Korea will eventually follow Vietnamese model. Therefore,it is not likely to adopt laws such as the bankruptcy law and a judical system, which is extremely dedicate matter upon which internal politics. However, as the market economy system is developing, it seems that North Korea will consequently pursuit of an comprehensive legal reforms in order to complete socialist law principle.
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