말의 정치, 사물의 정치: 조너던 스위프트의 ‘과학’ 비판과 근대성
Politics of Words, Politics of Things: Jonathan Swift's Criticism of ‘Science’ and Modernity
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper aims to reread Jonathan Swift's literary criticism leveled at ‘science’ spreading from his early works such as Discourse concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit and A Tale of a Tub to Gulliver's Travels in the emerging contexts of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century English experimental philosophical practices on the one hand, and the battle of the books between ancients and moderns on the other. The Scientific Revolution saw the rise of a new natural philosophical form of life, that is, experimental philosophy, which required and resulted in the reconfiguration of social organization among the political and religious establishment as well as the relevant philosophers. The change and its aftereffects, therefore, were never confined to the problem of scientific knowledge; it was involved in the issue of social order as well. This paper, in this vein, tries to put back in the broader context of his contemporaries' religio-political scientific practices, without separating them, Swift's several primary texts of his oeuvre, and give a fresh reading of them which includes a novel interpretive thread to interweave the third part of Gulliver's Travels in particular. This reading would also shed new light on an unrecognized consequence of the battle between ancients and moderns, and in so doing, offer a clue to reframe a series of controversies caused by the so-called 'Science War' in the 1990s and after.
Abstract
This paper aims to reread Jonathan Swift's literary criticism leveled at ‘science’ spreading from his early works such as Discourse concerning the Mechanical Operation of the Spirit and A Tale of a Tub to Gulliver's Travels in the emerging contexts of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century English experimental philosophical practices on the one hand, and the battle of the books between ancients and moderns on the other. The Scientific Revolution saw the rise of a new natural philosophical form of life, that is, experimental philosophy, which required and resulted in the reconfiguration of social organization among the political and religious establishment as well as the relevant philosophers. The change and its aftereffects, therefore, were never confined to the problem of scientific knowledge; it was involved in the issue of social order as well. This paper, in this vein, tries to put back in the broader context of his contemporaries' religio-political scientific practices, without separating them, Swift's several primary texts of his oeuvre, and give a fresh reading of them which includes a novel interpretive thread to interweave the third part of Gulliver's Travels in particular. This reading would also shed new light on an unrecognized consequence of the battle between ancients and moderns, and in so doing, offer a clue to reframe a series of controversies caused by the so-called 'Science War' in the 1990s and after.
참고문헌 (40)
- 김번, "조나단 스위프트. in: 18세기 영국소설강의", pp.189~220 (1999), 신아사
- 전인한, "풍자문학. in: 18세기 영국소설강의", pp.87~118 (1999), 신아사
- 홍성욱, "누가 과학을 두려워하는가: ‘과학전쟁’의 배경과 그 논쟁점. in: 생산력과 문화로서의 과학기술", pp.68~126 (1999), 문학과지성사
- Armintor, Debora Needleman, "The Sexual Politics of Microscopy in Brobdingnag", SEL, 47, pp.619~640 (2007)
- Cunningham, Andrew, "How the Principia Got Its Name, or Taking Natural Philosophy Seriously", History of Science, 29, pp.377~392 (1991)
- Cunningham, Andrew, "De-centring the ‘Big Picture’: The Origins of Modern Science and the Modern Origins of Science", British Journal for the History of Science, 26, pp.407~432 (1993)
- Dear, Peter, "Totius in verba: Rhetoric and Authority in the Early Royal Society", Isis, 76, pp.145~161 (1985)
- Dear, Peter, "Miracles, Experiments and the Ordinary Course of Nature", Isis, 81, pp.663~683 (1990)
- Dear, Peter, "“The Meaning of Experience.” The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 3", pp.106~131 (2006), Cambridge Univ. Press
- Dobbs, Betty J. T, "Newton and the Culture of Newtonianism" (1995), Humanities Press
- Fitzgerald, Robert P, "Science and Politics in Swift's Voyage to Laputa", Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 87, pp.213~229 (1988)
- Hunter, J. Paul, "“Gulliver's Travels and the Novel.” The Genres of Gulliver's Travels", pp.56~74 (1990), Associated Univ. Press
- Hunter, J. Paul, "Robert Boyle and the Epistemology of the Novel", Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 2, pp.275~291 (1990)
- Jacob, Margaret C, "The Newtonians and the English Revolution" (1990), Gordon and Breach
- Latour, Bruno, "“Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise the World.” Science Observed", pp.141~170 (1983), Sage
- Latour, Bruno, "Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society" (1987), Harvard Univ. Press
- Latour, Bruno, "We Have Never Been Modern" (1993), Harvard Univ. Press
- Latour, Bruno, "Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy" (2004), Harvard Univ. Press
- Levine, Joseph M, "The Battle of the Books: History and Literature in the Augustan Age" (1991), Cornell Univ. Press
- Levine, Joseph M, "“Jonathan Swift and the Idea of History.” Eighteenth-Century Genre and Culture: Serious Reflections on Occasional Forms, Essays in Honor of J. Paul Hunter", pp.79~95 (2001), Associated Univ. Press
- Lynall, Gregory, "Swift's Caricature of Newton: ‘Taylor’, ‘Conjurer’, and ‘Workman in the Mint’", British Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 28, pp.19~32 (2005)
- Nicolson, Marjorie, "The Scientific Background of the Voyage to Laputa", Annals of Science, 2, pp.299~335 (1937)
- Patey, Douglas Lane, "Swift's Satire on ‘Science’ and the Structure of Gulliver's Travels", ELH, 58, pp.809~839 (1991)
- Renaker, David, "Swift's Laputians as a Caricature of the Cartesians", PMLA, 94, pp.936~944 (1979)
- Rogers, Pat, "Gulliver and the Engineers", Modern Language Review, 70, pp.260~270 (1975)
- Schaffer, Simon, "Making Certain", Social Studies of Science, 14, pp.137~152 (1984)
- Schaffer, Simon, "Godly Men and Mechanical Philosophers: Souls and Spirits in Restoration Natural Philosophy", Science in Context, 1, pp.55~85 (1987)
- Schaffer, Simon, "Self Evidence", Critical Inquiry, 18, pp.327~362 (1992)
- Shapin, Steven, "The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-Century England", Isis, 79, pp.373~404 (1988)
- Shapin, Steven, "‘The Mind Is Its Own Place’: Science and Solitude in Seventeenth-Century England", Science in Context, 4, pp.191~218 (1990)
- Shapin, Steven, "“Invisible Technicians: Masters, Servants, and the Making of Experimental Knowledge.” A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England", pp.355~408 (1994), Univ. of Chicago Press
- Shapin, Steven, "The Scientific Revolution" (1996), Univ. of Chicago Press
- Shapin, Steven, "“The Image of the Man of Science.” The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 4. Ed", pp.159~183 (2003), Cambridge Univ. Press
- Shapin, Steven, "The Man of Science", The Cambridge History of Science, 3, pp.179~191
- Shapin, Steven, "Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental Life" (1985), Princeton Univ. Press
- Smith, Frederik N, "Science, Imagination, and Swift's Brobdingnagians", Eighteenth-Century Life, 14, pp.100~114 (1990)
- Sokal, Alan, "A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies", Lingua Franca, pp.62~64 (1996)
- Swift, Jonathan, "Gulliver's Travels" (2005), Oxford Univ. Press
- Swift, Jonathan, "A Tale of a Tub and Other Works. Ed. Angus Ross and David Woolley" (1986), Oxford Univ. Press
- Swift, Jonathan, "A Proposal for Correcting. Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue"