1960년대 박정희 정권의 미곡 유통정책 변화와 서울특별시 양곡시장조합의 성격

Abstract

In the 1960s, rice merchants often made unfair profits by utilizing the rice distribution process and the seasonal changes in the grain price, causing damage to both farmers and consumers. To cope with this, the Park Chung-Hee regime established ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ in 1968 as a measure to unify rice distribution in Seoul. Established as a consortium of grain dealers and wholesalers in Seoul, ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ monopolized the distribution of government-controlled rice as well as general rice. ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ caused many problems right after its establishment. It often sold falsely government-controlled rice as general rice, and even deliberately avoided the release of general rice. Therefore, the prices of rice in Seoul went up and the grain market collapsed. Although the rice market in Seoul collapsed and both farmers and consumers were damaged, dealers and wholesalers who were members of ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ benefited from monopolization of the government rice and the distribution of government rice to the outskirts of Seoul. Eventually, ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ was disbanded in 1969, the following year after it was founded. As ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’ disbanded, the price increase of agricultural products in Seoul calmed down. After the dismantlement of ‘Seoul Metropolitan City Grain Market Union’, the agricultural cooperative is in charge of the government-controlled rice distribution in Seoul. The dual policy of releasing rice directly to the market or selling it to retailers was intended to prevent the unfair practices of rice merchants. The Park Chung-hee regime expanded the government's sales of rice and changed the grain sales business to a licensing system. As amount of government-controlled rice and the introduction of foreign rice increased, policy measures also strengthened. However, the grain market was still unstable due to the split rice distribution system between the government and grain merchants, and the problem that the decline of distribution in general rice when government-controlled rice were distributed was not resolved until the early 1970s.