미군정의 학교 재개 정책과 서울의 중등학교 재개

Abstract

Throughout the Japanese colonial period, education has been a means for individuals to survive and raise their status. However, during the colonial period, opportunities for Koreans to receive secondary and higher education were very limited. And even if they finished higher school with difficulty, it was difficult for Koreans to get a good position because the Japanese monopolized the upper-class job. But Japan surrendered and the Japanese returned. And in a situation with compulsory elementary school education being promoted, the first gateway to the increase in educational background was to enter secondary school. The U.S. Military Government announced its plan to quickly reopen schools and promoted it. However, for this, there were several tasks to be solved first. First of all, schools used as U.S. military bases were returned, and Korean teachers had to be secured to fill the positions where Japanese teachers left. And they had to get permission from the US military government to reopen the school. In this thesis, the school reopening policy of the US military government was reviewed in detail, and the tasks to be solved first in implementing it were examined. In addition, the process and current status of secondary schools in Seoul were reopened after overcoming poor environments according to the policies of the US military government. Above all, how the Japanese founder's school during the Japanese colonial period, which had never been studied so far, was converted into a Korean foundation school after liberation and reopened through the case of Soongmoon Middle School. In this process, it was also possible to confirm the desire of Seoul citizens for secondary education after liberation. It is true that secondary schools have increased quantitatively since liberation. However, only 20.8 percent of elementary school graduates were allowed to enter secondary school in the 1948 school year. Even after the end of the U.S. military government and the establishment of the Korean government, there was an absolute shortage of secondary schools, and fierce competition to enter secondary schools continued.