자율주행차의 신뢰성과 수용성 척도 및 모형 개발
Development of the scale and model for the trust and acceptance of autonomous vehicles
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본 연구의 목적은 자율주행차에 대한 신뢰성 및 수용성을 예측하는 척도를 개발하고 변인 간 관계를 밝히는 모형을 검증하는데 있다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 신뢰성과 수용성을 설명하는 12개 선행변인과 2개의 결과변인(신뢰성, 수용성)을 측정하는 문항 총 70개를 개발, 온라인 조사업체를 통해 운전자 총 536명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 선행변인 문항을 대상으로 척도 개발을 위한 탐색적 요인분석 결과 7개 요인이 추출되었으며 확인적 요인분석에서 교차타당도가 확인되었다. 7개 요인과 신뢰성 및 수용성의 관계를 설명하는 모형을 찾기 위해 4가지 경쟁모형을 비교한 결과, 보안성, 안전지각, 의인성은 신뢰성을 매개로 수용성에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유용성은 신뢰성과 수용성을 직접 예측한 반면 신뢰성을 매개로 수용성에 대한 간접효과는 유의하지 않았다. 그리고 위험지각은 부정정서와 신뢰성의 이중매개를 통해 수용성에 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 함의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop the scale predicting the trust and acceptance of autonomous vehicles and to investigate the relationship between variables. Based on prior studies, total 70 items measuring twelve independent variables to predict trust and acceptance and two dependent variables (trust and acceptance) were developed. Then total of 536 drivers responded to an online survey. The results revealed that seven factors were extracted in EFA, and cross-validity of seven-factors structure was confirmed in CFA. As a result of comparing four competing models using SEM analysis to investigate the relationship among the 7 independent variables and two dependent variables, security, safety, and anthropomorphism had an indirect effect on acceptance through trust. Usability directly predicted trust and acceptance but didn’t show the indirect effect on acceptance through trust significantly. Perceived risk had an indirect effect on acceptance through dual mediating variables, negative emotion and trust. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
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